鲸鱼介绍一、海中巨无霸──鲸Whales, Real Giants in the Ocean해상의거한——고래什么是鲸What are whales고래는무엇인까鲸是生长在海洋中最大的动物，是对水的依赖程度很大的哺乳动物，鲸一旦离开了水便无法生活。
为适应水中生活，减少阻力，它们的后肢消失，前肢变成划水的浆板，身体成为流线型，形体酷似鱼。
Whales are the largest animals of the sea. They are marine mammals that heavily depend on water. Out of water, whales cannot live any longer. In order to adapt their life to the water and reduce resistance, their hind limbs disappeared, and their fore limbs gradually changed into oar board. Their bodies are fusiform, resembling the streamlined form of a fish.鲸的特征Physical characteristics of whales고래의특징鲸和包括海豚、鼠海豚在内的鲸类动物共同特点是体温恒定，大约为35.5℃左右。
皮肤无毛，没有汗腺和皮脂腺。
鲸的表皮下有极厚的脂肪层，俗称鲸油，它可以使鲸体保持温暖，而且能贮存能量。
Whales, including dolphins and porpoise, have constant body temperature of about 35.5℃. They are hairless, and they have no sweat glands and sebaceous glands. Beneath the skin lies a layer of fat, the blubber. The fat can keep them warm in the water and lay up energy.鲸体内拥有许多特殊的构造，使它能够长时间的在水中屏住呼吸、减慢心跳速度。
鲸除了具有贮存氧气的构造外，当身体某个部位需要大量的血液供应时，体内还会有集中供应的特殊机能呢！With special structure in their body, whales, by holding their breath and reducing their heart rate, can remain submerged for quite a long time. Besides the structure for storing oxygen, whales have a special function of central supplying in a particular part of their body when they need blood supply in large quantity.鲸是群集动物，它们通常成群结队的在海里生活。
当鲸呼吸时，就需要游到海面，利用头上的喷水孔来呼吸。
呼气时，空气中的湿气会凝结而形成我们所熟悉的喷泉状。
Whales live in groups, and they live in crowds in the ocean. They move up to the sea surface to breathe through their blowholes. When they breathe, we can see the familiar fountain condensed by the moisture in the air.鲸能活多长时间？How long will whales live?고래는몇년살수있는것인까？大多数鲸能活约15至60年。
有的鲸可能会活得更长一些，达100多年。
但很少有鲸能活那么长时间。
鲸类之间或与其他海洋生物的竞争、海水资源的污染等因素缩短了鲸的寿命。
Most whales generally live for 15 to 60 years. Some of them can live even longer, but few can be found to live over a century. Due to the competitions between whales themselves, other marine organisms and seawater pollution, their life span has been reduced.二、鲸的种类Species of Whales고래의종류就整个海兽类而言，以鲸的种群为最多。
全世界有80余种，我国海域有30多种。
通常，我们将鲸分为两大类：一类是口中没有牙齿，只有须的，为须鲸；另一类是口中无须而一直保留牙齿的，则为齿鲸。
Among all the sea animals, whales have the largest population density. At present, there are 80 species of whales in the world, 30 of which are found in the sea areas of China. Generally, cetaceans are divided into two groups. One group is comprised of baleen whales, which have baleen but are toothless. The other group is comprised of toothed whales, which have teeth but have no baleen in the mouth.齿鲸Toothed Whales이고래齿鲸类的体形差异比较大，最小的种类体长仅有1米左右，最大的在18米以上。
口中具有圆锥状的牙齿，呼吸换气时只能喷出一股水柱。
主要以乌贼、鱼类等为食，有的还能捕食海鸟、海豹以及其他鲸类等大型动物。
齿鲸类在全世界共有8个科，大约34属，72种。
They are different in figure. The smallest one is only about 1 meter long. The largest is more than 18 meters long. They have circular cone-like teeth, and they spout only a water column holding a single breath. They live on cuttlefish and other fishes. Some whales prey on seabirds, seals and other large sea animals. There are 8 families, about 34 genera and 72 species of toothed whales in the world.须鲸Baleen Whales수염고래须鲸在全世界有3个科。
须鲸的须是长在口内的，须的颜色、形状和数目因种类的不同而有差异。
它用这些须直接代替牙齿，以磷虾等小型甲壳类动物为食。
There are 3 baleen whale families in the world. The baleen grows in their mouths. The color, shape and number of the baleen vary from their species. Feeding on krill and other small crustacean, they use their baleen instead of their teeth.有牙齿的是齿鲸，没有牙齿的就是须鲸。
Whales with teeth are toothed whales while whales without teeth are baleen whales.齿鲸的背面，只有一个呼吸孔；须鲸的背上有两个呼吸孔，也就是一对呼吸孔。
There is only one blowhole on the back of toothed whales, while there are two, a pair of blowholes, on baleen whales.齿鲸的水柱是倾斜的，又粗又矮；须鲸的水柱是垂直的，又细又高。
The water column from toothed whales is slanting, wide and short, while the w ater column from baleen whales is vertical, thin and high.三、齿鲸巨头抹香鲸T oothed Whales Giant Sperm Whales이고래의거두향유고래抹香鲸科Physeteridae향유고래과抹香鲸科包括了体型巨大的抹香鲸和体型较小的小抹香鲸和倭抹香鲸三种。
它们都是适应深海生活的鲸类。
They include species of Sperm Whales, namely, Sperm Whales of gigantic figures, Pygmy Sperm Whales of small figures and Dwarf Sperm Whales. They are all whales living in deep sea.抹香鲸的特点Characteristics of sperm whales향유고래의특징抹香鲸是齿鲸亚目中体型最大的一种，通常雄鲸体长为15至18米，雌鲸为11至12米。
它们的平均寿命在70岁左右。
Sperm whales are among the largest toothed whales. The bull sperm whales are generally 15 to 18 meters long while the cow sperm whales are 11 to 12 meters long. Their average life span is about 70 years.与其他鲸相比，抹香鲸外型最突出的特点是它那巨大的头部，巨大的头部呈圆柱形、桶状，约占了体长的三分之一。