picture .This kind of activity can be called
an exercise-task.
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Examples of the tasks
• Listening to a weather forecast and deciding what to wear
• Look at a set of pictures and decide what should be done
• Responsing to a party invitation • Completing a banking application • Describing a photograph of one's family
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The real and unreal tasks in TBLT
• P:Where's the pen ?
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Definitions of a task
• A task is an activity which requires learners to arrive at an outcome from given information through some process of thought, and which allows teachers to control and regulate that process.Prabhu said.
• Tasks are activities where the target language is used by the learner for a communicative purpose in order to achieve an outcome.Willis said.
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Four components of a task
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• Another kind of activity ,which is very common in Communicative Language Teaching ,comes halfway between tasks and exercises .This kind of activity consists of contextualised practise of language items .
刘芮含
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Classification
• Grammar-translatioal approach 听说法 • The communicative approach 交际法 • The community language teaching
approach交际教学法
• The Task-based language teaching apprach任务型教学法
• Content-based instruction teaching approach基于内容的教学法
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Task-based language teaching
• Task-based Language Teaching is,in fact,a further development of Communicative Language Teaching .It shares the same beliefs, as language should be learned as close as possible to how it is used in real life .However ,it has stressed the importance to combine form-focused注意 形式 teaching with communicationfocused注意交际 teaching.
• A purpose目的 • A context语境 • A process过程 • A product输出
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Six components of tasks
• goals • input • activities • teacher role • learner role • setting
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Goal:Exchanging personal information
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Exercises,exercise-tasks and tasks
• When students are carrying out a task ,they are focusing on the complete act of communication .Sometimes,however ,we may wish their attention on individual aspects of language,such as vocabulary,grammar or individual skills.We can call these activities exercises.
• Input:Questionnaire on sleeping habits • Activity:1)Reading questionnaire 2)Asking
and answering questions about sleeping habits • Teacher role:monitor and facilitator;to specify what is regarded as successful completion of the task • Learner role :conversational partner
• For instance ,it could be an activity that
helps the students to master the present
continuous tense by getting them to
describe what is happening in a