平行结构平行结构一、连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both …and, neither …nor, either …or, not only …but (also), rather than,as…as 等以及从属连词 than 可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。
1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致例 1： He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.例 2： Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used inwarfare until two hundred years later.2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致例 1： Your semester grade is basednot only on how well you do on each test,but also on how you participate in class.例 2： We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.例 3： I would much rather go to the countryside than stay here.3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致例 1： Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.例 2： He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.4.所连接的句子结构必须一致例 1： She is pleased with what you have given and all that you have told him.例 2： The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them thanit did for us.二、某些特定的固定结构。
例如：(1)有些词后要用平行结构。
例如：prefer sth to sthprefer doing sth to doing sthprefer to do sth rather than do sth1) I prefer rice to noodles.2)I prefer watching TV to listening to music.3)He preferred to die rather than surrender.(2)有些结构中要用平行结构。
例如：would / had rather / sooner do something than do something, would / had assoon do something as do something (宁可..... 也不 )1)Liu Hulan said she had rather die than give up.2)I would as soon stay at home as go.III部分强调句要强调句子的某一部分，可以把句子的结构改变一下，通常有两种表示强调的句式:It is / was…that…结构和What…is / was…结构。
——、It is / was … that … 结构1.1t is / was…that…结构可以用来强调句子中几乎任何部分例 1： It was my mother that threw an egg at Mr. Li yesterday.例 2： It was Mr. Li that my mother threw an egg at yesterday.2.被强调的部分指人时，可用who或whom强调主语时，如果指的是人，可以不用that而用who来代替。
强调宾语时，如果指点的是人，可用whom。
例如：1)It was the dean who walked by.2)It was Mary whom the old lady missed most.3被强调部分指物时，要用that例如：It was an egg that my mother threw at Mr. Li yesterday.4.被强调部分是状语时，也只能用that，不能用when或where.例 1： It is during his spare time that John has been studying a course in French.例 2： It was in the hall that the mayor held the press conference.5.不能用It is / was…that结构强调动词强调动词常用do,过去式用did。
例如：1)They did study very hard yesterday.2)He does look forward to making the acquaintance of her.What…is / was…结构二、What…is / was…结构常用来强调主语或宾语，在这种结构中，is/ was后面是强调的部分。
例如：1)What hurts is my left leg.2)What I like is her style.Parallel Structure平行结构纠错相似的思想应用相似的形式表达出来。
句子的成份相近，则也应以相似的形式出现。
请注意以下标有〃NO〃的句子是不规范的。
No: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop.Yes: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, and came to a stop.(并列时态)No: I don,t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and a bore.Yes: I don,t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and boring.(形容词平行结构)No: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and elephant.Yes: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and an elephant.(不定冠词的平行结构)No: I debated whether I should give the beggar money or to offer him food.Yes: I debated whether to give the beggar money or to offer him food.（不定式的平行结构）No: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes days.Yes: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes for days.（介词平行结构）No: Michael,s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and dust filled the air.Yes: Michael,s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and filled the air with dust.（并列谓语）No: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use.Yes: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and tools that he was going touse.（并列带有定冠词〃the〃的名词）No: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and his employees loved him.Yes: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and loved by his employees.（并列被动语态）No: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, fighting in the Anti-Japanese War, and following the Nationalist Party to Chongking.Yes: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, had fought in the Anti-Japanese Warand had followed the Nationalist Party to Chongking.（并列过去完成时）No: Jane is pretty, with brown hair, and has a graceful manner.Yes: Jane is pretty, brown-haired, and graceful.（形容词平行结构）No: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and because his health deteriorated rapidly.Yes: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and his rapidly failing health.（作宾语的名词平行结构）No: They bought the house for location and affordability.Yes: They bought the house because of its location and its affordability.（并列名词；注意代词的所有格）No: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and as if he was unimportant?Yes: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and unimportant?（形容词的平行结构）No: This could be a problem for both the winners and for those who lose.Yes: This could be a problem for both the winners and losers.（名词平行结构）No: The prisoner was not only found guilty of bribery but also adultery.Yes: The prisoner was found guilty not only of bribery but also of adultery.（并列介词短语）为使平行结构清楚明了，随时都可以重复介词、冠词、助动词、不定词标志，或者长的短语或句子的介绍词。