1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词） 2.We often speak English in class. （代词） 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词） 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.

Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. （双宾语） me 间接宾语 表示动作是对谁或为谁做的。 a novel 直接宾语 表示动作的直接承受者或结果。
(3)形式宾语：若宾语是动词不定式，动名词或从
句，可用it作形式宾语代替其位置，而将其到宾补之 后。
七.定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定 语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示： 1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） 2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词） 4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）

⑥The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词 短语作定语) ⑦The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词 短语作定语） ⑧The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过 去分词作定语） ⑨I have an idea to do it well. （不定式作定语） ⑩You should do everything that I do. （定语从句作 定语）
I found it difficult to finish the task in time. Do you consider it any good sending more people there? We have made it clear that we disagreed.

5.宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作, 状态,特征.
（宾语从句）
宾语种类： （1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如： Lend me your dictionary, please. 跟to: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如 He sent the novel to William yesterday. 跟for: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如： They elected him their monitor.



We elected him monitor. （名词作宾补） We will make them happy. （形容词作宾补） We found nobody in. ( 副词作宾补) Please make yourself at home. （介词短语作宾补） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式作宾补） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式作宾补） Don’t keep the fire burning. （现在分词作宾补） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词作宾补）
（让步状语）
10.I am taller than he is.（比较状语）

9.同位语 是在名词或代词之后,对其作进一步解释
或说明，在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数 词、和从句等均可作同位语。如：
We students should study hard. (students是we的 同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’） We are all students. (all是we的同位语，都指同 样的‘我们’） The news that we’re having a holiday tomorrow is true. （从句作同位语）
4.宾语
宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一 般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： 1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday.

（名词）
2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代词、动名词） 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. （名词、数词）

3.表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词(如be,become)之
后，与系动词一起构成复合谓语，说明主语的身份，特征，属 性或状态等。单词、短语或从句均可充当表语。



1)Wang’s father is a doctor. （名词） 2) He is always careless. （形容词） 3) The basketball match is on. （副词） 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. （介词短语） 5) Our aim is to win more medals. （不定式） 6) His work is teaching French. （动名词短语） 7) The question is who can really repair the machines. （从句）
6. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. （伴随状语） 7.In order to catch up with the others, I （目的状语） must work harder. 8.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （结果状语） 9.She works very hard though she is old.
（八）状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明 动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（ Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示 ： 1.Light travels most quickly. （副词及副词性词组） 2.He has lived in the city for ten years. （介词短语） 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.
双宾语和宾补的区别


He gave me a book.(他给我一本书） 在这个句子 中，me作间接宾语，a book作直接宾语。 如果一 个句子中的某一个动词接了两个宾语，那么，指 “人”的是间接宾语，指“物”的为直接宾语。而 且，这两个宾语不能形成逻辑上的主谓关系，如， 你不能说 I am a book. 如果一个动词后所接的两个宾语能够形成逻辑上的 主谓关系，则是宾语和宾补的关系。例： We elected him monitor.在这个句子中，we作主语， elected作谓语，him为宾格，作宾语，monitor作 宾语的补足语，而且，此句的宾语him可以和后面 的monitor构成逻辑上的主谓关系，即：he is a monitor.
（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
2.谓语
谓语 (Verb) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状 态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语 的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2、复合谓语： 由情态动词或其他助动词 + 动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词，名词） 5.He pretended not to see me.
（不定式短语）
6.I enjoy listening to popular music.
（动名词短语）
7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.
句子成分
定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子
成分。句子成分有主要成分和
次要成分；主要成分有主语和
谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语 、定语、状语、补足语和同位
语。
主语（subject） 谓语（predicate） 宾语（object） 表语（predicative） 定语（attribute） 状语 (adverbial) 宾语补足语 (object complement） 同位语（appositive）

（不定式短语）
4.He is in the room making a model plane.