专题15 热点话题【话题解读】“热点话题”是高中新课程标准24话题之一，亦是高考英语热点话题。

本话题主要包括全球变暖、节约能源、环境保护、交通问题、人口问题等。

通过本话题的学习和高考的考查，帮助学生学习有关气候、能源和环保的有关知识，树立“节约能源，保护环境”的主人翁意识。

【高考探究】“热点话题”在高考英语当中通常以阅读理解、完形填空、七选五或书面表达的形式出现，例如：2017年新课标卷II阅读理解C篇；2017年北京卷阅读理解B篇，江苏卷D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解B篇、2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇等。

【参考词汇】重点单词Ⅰ.写作必记单词1.afford v.负担得起；给予；提供2.defend v.防守，捍卫→defence n.保卫；防卫3.observe vt.观察；注意到；遵守→observation n.观察4.prohibit v.阻止；禁止→prohibition n.禁止；禁令5.purchase v.& n.购买；购买的东西6.realize v.实现(目标等)；意识到→reality n.真实，现实7.relax v.放松；休息→relaxin g adj.令人轻松的，令人放松的→relaxed adj.感到松懈的；感到放松的8.remain v.保持；依然；留下；剩余9.strength n.力气；长处10.voluner n.志愿者Ⅱ.阅读识记单词11.absorb v.吸收；吸引……的注意12.budget n.预算13.career n.事业；职业14.celebrity n.名人15.circula v.传播；流通；循环→circulation n.循环；流传bine v.(使)结合；(使)组合→combi nation n.联合；混合→combined adj.联合的，共同的17.conclude v.推断出，断定；使结束，终止→conclusion n.结论；结束18.consumption n.消费；消耗19.discourage v.使气馁；阻碍20.economically adv.在经济上；节俭地→economy n.经济→economic adj.经济(上)的21.essential adj.必要的；基本的22.financial adj.财政的；金融的23.harmful adj.有害的24.harmonious adj.和谐的；和睦的25.hesita vi.犹豫，踌躇26.instructor n.教员，指导老师27.irresponsible adj.不负责任的；不可靠的28.majority n.多数29.massive adj.大量的；巨大的30.mental adj.心理的；精神的31.moral adj.道德的；精神上的32.negative adj.消极的；否定的33.phenomenon n.现象34.professional adj.职业的；专业的35.psychological adj.心理的；心理学的36.rural adj.农村的，乡下的37.security n.安全38.spoilt adj.宠坏的；损坏的39.urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的40.weaken v.变弱重点短语1.adapt to适应于……2.be aware of意识到3.be bound to必然；必定4.be devod to专心于，献身于5.draw up起草；拟定6.go up上升；增长；升起7.in favo(u)r of有利于；支持，赞同8.in possession of拥有，占有ck of没有，缺乏10.opera on对……动手术；对……起作用11.oppose to反对12.pull down摧毁；推翻13.result in导致14.search for搜寻，搜索【典例剖析】Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotn a lot “greener” toward the environment.“We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many，many times，” says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports，emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs；today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevend pollution.Twenty five years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today，it’s hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that，nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.5. According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea about .A. the social movementB. recycling chniquesC. environmental problemsD. the importance of Earth Day【答案】 C6. Where does the support for environmental proction mainly come from?A. The grassroots level.B. The business circle.C. Government officials.D. University professors.【答案】 A【解析】细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句“Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grass roots Americans are taking part in the movement.”可知，这里强调了这个运动的主要支持者应该是那些普通的美国民众，因此答案应是A项。

7. What have Americans achieved in environmental proction?A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest.B. They have settled their environmental problems.C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures.【答案】 D【解析】细节理解题。

文章第三段的第一句说明了汽车和卡车的尾气排放量从每年1 030万吨降到了550万吨，由此可排除A项；再结合第二句“一氧化碳排放超标的城市从40个降到了9个”可知C项是错误的；根据第三句提到的“环境问题依然严峻”可知这个问题还没有得到解决，所以排除B项；本段列举的这些数字证明了美国人采取了有效措施，减少了环境污染，因此答案选D项。

8. What is especially important for environmental proction according to the last paragraph?A. Education.B. Planning.C. Green living.D. CO reduction.【答案】 A【解析】推理判断题。

结合最后一段提到的“25年以前，在美国几乎没有关于环境的教育项目，而如今，很难找到没有类似项目的公立学校、大学或者法学院了”，再结合布鲁斯所说的“没有教育，就无法改变环境问题”等，我们可以推断出教育(education)的重要性，从而排除了B项“计划”、C项“绿色生活”和D项“减少一氧化碳”这几个选项。

名师指津1. 抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络通过阅读文章可知，本文是一篇记叙文，在文章中作者介绍了自从1970年第一个地球日成立以来，美国的环境有了很大的改善。