十三、高三语法专项定语从句
2.在非限制性定语从句中,或者当先行词是指人 的those,anyone,everyone, people,he,all, few,one(s)等时,通常不用that引导。
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3.以下情况下只能用或多用that: (1)当先行词是指物的all,little,few,much, any, anything,everything,nothing,none,the one时,或先行词被all,little,few,much, any,every,no等修饰时。 (2)先行词是序数词或形容词最高级时,或者 先行词被序数词(包括last,next)、形容词最 高级及the only,the very等修饰时。 (3)先行词包括人和物时。
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6.The room whose window faces south is mine. 那间窗子朝南开的房间是我的。
7.This is the reason (that/which) he explained to us. 这就是他向我们解释的理由。
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归纳总结
1.当先行词表示时间、地点、原因(且只能是
reason),且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语
时,就分别用when,where,why来引导定语从句。
2.when,where,why一般可用“介词+which”替
代,其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。
3.如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或者定语,即
尽管先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的,但它
visited last year.
这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。(作visited
的宾语,可以省略)
6.He has a book whose cover(=the cover of
which) is very beautiful.他有一本封面非常
漂亮的书。
st night I saw a very good film,
熟读下列句子,思考其定语从句中关系词的用法。
1.This is the man who helped me yesterday.
这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。(作主语)
2.The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to
see is coming.你要见的老师来了。(作see的
们在定语从句中不是作状语,而是作主语、宾
语或定语时,也不能用关系副词
(when,where,why),而要用关系代词。
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(三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
熟读深思
以下各句都含有“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从
9.We must help those who(不用that) need help. 我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人。
10.All that(不用which) can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了。
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11.This is the best method that(不用which) has been used against pollution.这是用来 防止污染的最好办法。
宾语,可以省略)
3.I met a boy whose father was an astronaut.
我遇到一位男孩,他的父亲是宇航员。(作定
语)
4.I like the book which/that was bought
yesterday.
我喜欢昨天买的那本书。
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பைடு நூலகம்
5.This is the factory (which/that) we
4.Don’t forget the time (that/which) I’ve told you. 别忘了我告诉你的时间。
5.The earthquake was felt in Beijing,which is more than one hundred kilometers away. 100公里以外的北京市都感到了地震。
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(二)关系副词引导的定语从句
熟读深思
以下句中的画线部分为定语从句,请熟读并理解
其意思:
1.The time when (=at which) I first met
Nelson Mandela was a very difficult
period of my life.
第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候,是我一生
十三、定语从句
(一)关系代词引导的定语从句 熟读深思
定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词的后 面,这个名词叫作先行词;连接主从句的词叫关 系词,关系词有三个作用:一是连接主句与从 句;二是指代先行词;三是在从句中充当句子成 分。选择关系词的两条重要依据是:先行词是人 还是物?在从句中作何种句子成分?
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中非常艰难的时期。
2.The school where(=at/in which) I studied
for only two years was 3 kilometers away.
我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。
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3.The reason why(=for which) he was late was that he missed his train.他迟到是因为 误了火车。
12.They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in. 他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。
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归纳总结
1.先行词是人,在从句中作主语用who,作宾语用 whom或who,作定语用whose;先行词是物,在定 语从句中作主语或宾语都用which,作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中 which,who,whom都可用that代替。关系代词作 宾语时常被省略。
which(不用that) was about the Second
World War.
昨晚我看到了一部非常优秀的影片,这部影片
是关于二战的。
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8.Charles Smith,who(不用that) was my former teacher,retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。