商务英语阅读试卷I. Translate the following words or expressions.A.Translate the following into Chinese.1. C.P.I. (consumer price index)2. monopoly3. par value4. IPO (initial public offering)5. financial institution6. income funds7. GNP (gross national product) 8. production line9. C.I.F. (cost, insurance and freight) 10. board of directors11. registered capital 12. F.O B 13. circulating fund14.Clean Bill 15. public relations 16. red chips17. bank account 18. government bond 19. GDP (gross domestic product)20. bill of exchange 21. premium 22. commission23. durable goods 24. savings bond 25. stock exchange26. mutual fund 27. market share 28. product mix29. Letters of Credit (L/C) 30. income statement 31. retailer32. stock market 33. tangible product 34. product line35. current assets 36. installment 37. H shares38. inventory 39. common shares 40. preference shares41. net asset 42.bearer bond 43. stock certificate44. promissory note 45. policy holder 46. insurance policy47. middleman 48. publicity 49. mass selling50. target returnB. Translate the following into English.51.信用证52. 营销组合53. 风险资本 54.普通股55. 索赔56.资产57. 直销58.保险单67.佣金68.折旧69.客户服务70.红利71.面值72.市场细分73.流动资产74.公共关系75.净收入76.合同77.优先股78.人寿保险79.债券80.有限责任81.保险82. 净资产83. 退货 84.集装箱 85. 汇票86.期初存货87. 股东88.离岸价 89. 电汇 90.债券持有者91.销售92.垄断93.定价94.盈亏平衡点95.购买力96.投资经纪人97. 营销组合98.利率99.收入保险100.保险费II. Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks.1. The buying of products on which we have been pre-sole through advertising is called ______.A. rational buyingB. emotional buyingC. reflex buyingD. impulse buying2. Which of the following is NOT a common form of payment in foreign business transactions?A. ChequeB. CashC. Bank transferD. A sight bill3. A clean bill is ______.A. a spotless billB. a bill that is not accompanied by shipping documentsC.an unused billD.an invalid bill4. If competitors get together to raise or lower prices, this act is ______.A. price discriminationB. deceptive pricingC. resale price maintenanceD. price fixing5. Which of the following belongs to “Marketing Mix”?A. Labor forceB. MachinesC. MaterialsD. Promotion6. What do you think is the strength of publicity?A.Being flexibleB. Avoiding media costsC. Saving preparation timeD. Reaching a larger number of audiences7. Which of the following can NOT be a feature of a bond?A、It has a certain denomination.B、It has a prefixed interest rate.C、It involves high risk.D、It has a prefixed maturity date.8. Which of the following is a legal tender?A.IOU cheques B、U.S. dollars C、Lumps of silver D、Bank deposits9. If you advertise a product, your main purpose of doing so is to _____.A.earn more money for the advertising agencyB.promote sales of that productpete with other firms that produce the same kind of productD.introduce that producer to the public10. What do you think is the strength of personal selling?A. High efficiencyB. Great flexibilityA. documentaryB. irrevocableC. dishonoredD. confirmed12. A dishonoured bill is ______.A.one which the importer is ashamed ofB.one which the importer fails to pay on the due dateC.one which the drawer fails to payD.one which the exporter fails to clear13. In terms of safeness, a mortgage bond ______ a debenture bond,A. is the same asB. is safer thanC. involves more risk thanD. is not as safe as14. What is an insurance policy?A. A government law on insurance.B. A written contract between the insurer and the insured.C. A piece of paper with the insurer’s signature on it.D. A set of rules to regulate the insurance market.15. What can we say for certain about transportation and physical distribution?A.Transportation is the same thing as physical distribution.B.Transportation is not as important as physical distribution.C.Transportation is one of the components of physical distribution system.D.The term transportation is widely used to mean physical distribution.16. Customer relations should be responsible for all of the following EXCEPT ______.A. the quality of product or serviceB. customer inquiries and complaintsC. finding new resources for the companyD. attracting new customers17. What is the major feature of a global marketing strategy?A. UniformityB. FlexibilityC. LocalizationD. Diversity18. What is meant by “consideration” in a contract?A.An item of considerable value given to the other party.B.An item of value given to the other party.C.Money in exchange of goods.D.Careful thinking before signing a contract.19. Which of the following is NOT true?A.Packaging means more than the boxes, wrappings and other materials that go round the physical product.B.Packaging can change the quality of a product.C.Packaging can change a product in the minds of consumers.D.Packaging can help to open larger markets.20. To be a wise customer, we must evaluate ______ and choose to buy what is ______.A.the price; the cheapestB.the product quality; of top qualityC.the total product offer; of the best value to usD.the after-sale service; provided with the best after-sale service21. The most major function of money is ______.A. a store of valueB. the unit of accountC. the medium of exchangeD. a standard of deferred payment22. ______ points to the advantages of the advertiser’s product over competing products.A、Primary-demand advertisingB、Comparative advertisingC]Direct-action advertising D、Institutional advertising23.When a person insures something, the written agreement between the insurer and the insured is called _______.A. insurance policyB. claimC. liabilityD. auto insurance24. A _______ is backed only by the insurer’s promise to pay when the interest and principal are due.A、bearer bondB、debenture bondC、mortgage bondD、corporate bond25._______ is stock with first claim on the corporation’s earnings and assets after the claims of bondholders.A、Preferred stockB、Stock exchangeC、Common stockD、Stock certificates26. In foreign trade, ________ is the fastest method of sending money abroad.A. sight billB. international money ordersC. bill of exchangeD. telegraphed transfer27. _______ is NOT considered as an action that could hurt competition and consumers.A. Price fixingB. Deceptive pricingC. Resale price maintenanceD. Setting target return28. Marketers can communicate with large numbers of potential customers at the same time by _____.A. personal sellingB. direct sellingC. mass sellingD. sending leaflets29. A dishonored bill is ____________.A、one that is not accompanied by shipping documents.B、one that is not paid on the due date.C、one that must be paid at sight.D、one that cannot be cancelled.30. We can get information about a company’s assets and liabilities from _______.A、an insurance policyB、an income statementC、a balance sheetD、a bill of exchange31. ______ promotes the use of a particular brand among competing products.A. Comparative advertisingB. Brand advertisingC. Primary-demand advertisingD. Institutional advertising32. ______ will pay a person money when he/she is unable to work.A. Income insuranceB. Health care insuranceC. Auto insuranceD. Life insurance33.If the apples in a fruit store look very luscious, and you buy a dozen which actually is out of your expectation,we can say this action is a kind of ______.A、reflex buyingB、impulse buyingC、neither impulse buying nor reflex buyingD、installment buying34. In a bill of exchange, if it is saying “30 days after sight”, that means the bill can be paid _____.A. immediatelyB. within 30 days after it is drawn.C. within 30 days after it is presentedD. regardless the date35. Which of the following does NOT belong to “Marketing Mix”?A. PlacementB. ProductC. Point-of-saleD. Promotion36. As a ________, you are one of the owners of a company.A.stockholderB. bondholderC. vendorD. creditor37. The _______ is reached when the money from the sales of product equals the total costs and expenses involvedin producing and marketing it.A、equilibrium priceB、balance sheetC、price fixingD、break-even point38. The share capital of a company is ________.A、the money you share with othersB、issued either by a business or by a governmentC、stock that permit owners to share any profits or lossesD、the total investment from all of the shareholders39. Which of the following can NOT be regarded as real property?A、Farm landB、Buildings on landC、The computer on a lecture deskD、Trees in a garden40. The _______ is an accounting statement that summarizes a company’s revenues, cost of goods sold, expenses,and net profit or loss over a period of time.A. balance sheetB. income statementC. premium statementD. insurance policy41. Another factor that affects the price of bonds is the credit rating of company or government unit issuingthe bond.A. rating given to an individual or business firm as a credit risk, based on past records of debt repayment,financial status, etc.B. rating given to a company as to its sales powerC. assessment of a company’s productionD. assessment of a company’s money deposited in the bank.42. When interest payments are due on a bearer bond, its possessor clips a coupon from the bond and sends thecoupon to the issuer for payment.A. a certificate or ticket entitling the holder to a specified right, as reduced purchase priceB. a detachable printed statement on a bond, specifying the interest due at a given timeC. a part of a printed advertisement as for use in ordering goods, samples, or literatureD. a form surrendered in order to obtain an article, service, or accommodation43.Since our receipts do not always match out expenditures, we generally keep some money in a checking accountbalance.A. payrollB. paymentC. incomeD. property44. Several attempts to unionize the work force have been defeated by margins as high as 3 to 1.A. edge or borderB. blank space on a pageC. difference between the buying and sellingD. difference in the amount of votes45. Buyers of these goods usually provide prospective suppliers with a description of the product or serviceand request that bids or price quotations be submitted.A. servicesB. ordersC. productsD. offers of prices46. Of the following, ______ are normally NOT considered a kind of securities.A. mutual fund sharesB. registered bondsC. common stocksD. savings accounts47. _______ is the protection against economic loss provided by sharing the risk with others.A. Financial lossB. InsuranceC. PremiumD. Stock48. _______ are used by the consumer or household that buys them and come in a ready-to-use form that callsfor no further industrial or commercial processing.A. Consumer goodsB. Convenience goodsC. Shopping goodsD. Durable goods49. The norms and expectations about the way people do things in a specific country are ________.A. customsB. valuesC. modes of conductD. states of existence50. ________ refers to promotion activities that stimulate interest, trial or purchase by final customers orothers in the channel.A. AdvertisingB. Sales promotionC. PublicityD. Mass sellingIII. In this part, there are some reading passages followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements each. For each of them there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best one according to your understanding.Passage OneBill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed(贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960,a testimony (宣言) to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want torun companies some day.“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have on e,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ‘ShouldI attempt to get an MBA,’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders.The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don’t understand politics and people, and they aren’t able to function a s part of a team until their third year.But by then, they’re out looking for other jobs.”The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursueda business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash(反冲) against the anti-businessvalues of the 1960s and by the wom en’s movement.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,” said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Per-fin management consulting firm.1.According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purerdisciplines?A.ScornfulB.Appreciative.C.Envious.D.Realistic.2. It seems that the controversy (争辩) over the value of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by ______.A.the complaints from various employersB.the success of many non-MBAsC.the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD.the poor performance of MBAs at work3. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review?A.They are usually serf-centered.B.They are aggressive and greedy.C.They keep complaining about their jobs.D.They are not good at dealing with people.4. From the passage we know that most MBAs ______.A.can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB.quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC.receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD.cherish unrealistic expectations about their future5. What is the passage mainly about?A.Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.B.The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C.Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D. A debate held recently on university campuses.Passage TwoThe relationship between the home and market economies had gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e. g. cloth-making, sewingand canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon the more important second stage was evident --the marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (e. g. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home such as in nursing the sick, became unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful). Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical (新古典主义的) model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage.6. The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that ______.A.it was a necessary step in the process of industrializationB.they depended on electricity available only to the market economyC.it was troublesome to produce such goods in the homeD.the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes7. It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage ______.A.some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the home economyB.the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the home economyC.producing traditional foods at home became socially never produced by the home economyD.whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became irrelevant8. During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter themarketplace ______.A.as wage earnersB.both as manufacturers and consumersC.both as workers and purchasersD.as customers9.Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the new goods and services because______.A.the family was not efficient in productionB.it was illegal for the home economy to produce themC.it could not supply them by itselfD.the market for these goods and services was limited10. The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage ______.A.The family could rely either on the home economy or the marketplace for the needed goods and services.B.many production processes were being transferred to the marketplaceC.consumers relied more and more on the market economyD.the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplacePassage ThreeAs is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complicated. Generally speaking, the Account Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers.In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, generally in “points”, which are added together to gi ve a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labor supply. It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any distinctions in the way that job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen; for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.11. If a company wants its new pay structure to be successful, it is necessary to _______.A. give the workers extra pay to encourage themB. share the same opinion between the Trade Union and theemployersC. consult some problems associated with payD. adopt a special way to evaluate the performance of itsemployees12. The methods of additional payments are adopted for indirect workers because __________.A. they don't have a higher payB. the firm hasn't enough fundC. the measurement of their work is very difficultD. their work is less important than that of other workers13. What should a firm consider in designing a new pay system?A. The value of each job alone.B. The method of calculating the pay.C. The requirements of each job.D. The labor supply and the cost of living.14. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A. only the Accounts Department is involved in the management of salariesB. different job performances should be given different paymentsC. an evaluation system based on points is usually used to measure management workD. evaluating management work makes no difference from other work15. The main purpose of this passage is to _______.A. explain how the performance of a job can be measured in pointsB. describe the responsibilities of various departmentsC. tell readers how a firm can succeed in adopting a new pay systemD. tell readers how difficult the management work isPassage FourThe so-called Americanization phenomenon seems to be a consequence of the recent globalization in our world.If we find American products worldwide, it is also increasingly common to find Asian products in the United States.Going to any country in Asia nowadays, we are going to see a lot of the American icons (图标)everywhere. A few years ago when I was in Ho-Chi-Min City, formerly known as Saigon, I was completely astonished at the number of billboards advertising products from multinational companies, many of them American. It is unforgettable for me—the vision of the spectacular Coca-Cola billboard on a Ho-Chi-Min Street.Living in the United Slates now, l am discovering many Asian products in America, from food to movies. In one day in San Francisco, or Seattle, or Houston, we can buy Sisheido cosmetics from Japan at the Galleria Mall, have sushi(寿司) and sashimi(生鱼片) in one of the many Japanese restaurants in the city, go to the cinemaand enjoy the beautiful American-Chinese movie Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, and take home spring rolls from one of the many Chinese restaurants in town.I understand that a great many people would like to hold hack the globalization process in the world becausethey think they are losing their own culture, but it is very difficult to stop this process. We can only try to be critical and choose what is best for us to have or to buy.However, many people think that young people are not free to choose when they are constantly exposed to attractive advertisements that are specially made to capture the youth market. Peaceful protests could be arranged just to help people to think about the situation, but the tendency in our world is that we want globalization, but we don't want to lose our own culture.16. The Americanization phenomenon is more possible to be the result of ______.A. the influence of Americanization on the worldB. the influence of the West on the EastC. the globalization in the worldD. American products worldwide17. What was the author in the passage particularly impressed by?A. The wonderful American-Chinese movie.B. The delicious Japanese food in American cities.C. The high quality of Asian products.D. The fantastic advertisement for an American product.18. We can learn from the passage that one of the consequences of globalization that many people worry aboutis ______.A. the spread of culture from one country to anotherB. the destruction of cultural identitiesC. the prevalence of American cultureD. the resistance to globalization worldwide19. What attitude should we have towards the globalization process?A. Disapproving.B. Pessimistic.C. Critical.D. Indifferent.20. Young people today can't really choose what they should buy because they _______.A. are influenced by American cultureB. don't know what is suitable for themC. are critical about everything in the worldD. are faced with too many powerful advertisementsPassage FivePresent pension structures no longer work. They were established in a more youthful period with relatively few older people who were often poor and ill, and generally spent only a short time in retirement. In rich countries today, older people are often well-off and in good health, and are spending around 20 years in retirement.Therefore there is the need for reform.This survey has presented the arguments for more private funding and for fairer pensions. Such changes will create motives for individuals to take charge of their own retirement needs rather than leaving the task to the state. This, in turn, will make the provision of public pensions more affordable.Even so, the state will continue to play a leading role in pensions. At a minimum, governments must offer a safety net, probably in the form of a defined benefit financed through taxation, for people who for some reason have not been able to provide for themselves and who would otherwise be miserable in old age. More broadly, there is a use for the state to offer a slimmed-down pay-as-you-go pension system, although as far as possible this should be organized along defined-contributions lines. Such provision widens the range of assets to include human capital because the effective return comes from total wages, and offers a safe in low return.Governments also have to create a suitable framework for effective private pensions. Administrative (行政的) expenses have to be tightly controlled, and appropriate tax motives have to be offered to encourage voluntary pension saving. Where the state provides a generous safety net, private-pension saving may have to be made mandatory (强制的),otherwise many people will not bother.So much for the developed countries, but what of the more youthful populations of the rest of the world? In 1994, the World Bank came down heavily in favor of more funding in private accounts. It thought the state's role should be to provide a smallish first pillar with the limited task of providing protection against old-age poverty, and to command a privately-funded second pillar to provide the bulk of pensions.21. More private funding and fairer pensions _______.。