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translation 翻译


…until absolutely necessary. 直到绝对必须之时→非到万不得已… essential information for travellers 供给旅客重要的信息→旅客须知 A managing director has a lonely job. He needs a sparring partner. 一个总经理有一份孤独的工作。他需 要一个拳击练习的对手。 →当了总经理做起事来就形单影只, 也要有个时时和他交手的人。
Criteria of translation
• “译”事三难:信、达、雅。求其信,已大难 矣。顾信矣不达,虽译犹不译也,则达尚 焉。……译文取明深意,故词句之间,时有所 颠倒附益,不斤斤于字比句次,而意义则不倍 本文。……至原文词理本深,难于共喻,则当 前思后衬,以显其意。凡此经营,皆以为达: 为达,即以为信也。《易》曰:“修辞立诚”。 子曰“辞达而已!”又曰:“言之无文,行之 不远”。三者乃文章正轨,亦即为译事楷模。 故信达而外,求其尔雅。
Translation Theory and Practice
• Scoring • Usual Performance: 20% (class attendance +class participation + homework ) • Final Exam: 80%
Textbook Approach to Translation Between English and Chinese
Three key words from the definitions • 3. flavor (style)
Eg. “You may run, but you can never hide.” 1)你可以逃亡,但你永远无法把自己藏起来。 简评:直译;词义翻译。译文有感情色彩,且有一定的力量。 适用于Bush的文本和中国受众,也适用于同传和交传。 2)你可以四处逃窜/到处逃亡,但你永远无处藏身。 简评:直译,词义翻译。译文有感情色彩,用了四字结构、注 意修辞(见下划线),显得更有力量、韵味。适用于Bush的文 本和中国的受众,也适用于同传和交传。 3)不管你怎么逃,(怎么躲,)但是天网恢恢,疏而不漏。 简评:意译;交际翻译(有点创造性)。译文有庄严感、正义 感,有权威性、严肃性,创造性使用中国俗语(见划线部分), 适合在正式场合和非正式场合使用,修辞效果甚佳。虽然原文在 字面上并非如此,但译文到位、寓意深刻,如果美国是代表正义 的,那就是佳译,甚至在诸方面都“超越”了原文。
Course Description
• Teaching Contents • 1. Introduction • 2. Disparity Between “Corresponding Words” in English and Chinese • 3. Different Ways of Expressing Actions • 4. Different Perspectives Behind the Language • 5. Texture of the Sentence Structure • 6. Pragmatics and Translation • 7. Translation as Cross-Cultural Communication
1. Definition of Translation
(P1-3)
英国The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one language into another
International Dictionary of the English Language: to turn into one’s own or
Criteria of translation
• Zhi Qian (支谦) “follow the original intention of the author without any embroidery” (因循本旨,不加文饰). • Dao An(道安) “ translate according to the original without any addition and deduction” (案本而传,不令有损言游 字). • Kumurajiva (鸠摩罗什) “elegance based on the original” (依实出华)
――严复(1854-1921,《天演论· 译例言》)
Criteria of translation
• 译者不但要求达意,并且要以传神为目的,译文必须 忠实于原文之字神句气与言外之意。 ――林语堂
• 傅雷:神似(similarity in spirit)
以效果而论,翻译应像临画一样,所求的不在形 似,而是神似。 “ So far as the effectiveness is concerned, translation is done just in the same way as the copying of a painting. What really counts is being alike not in appearance but in spirit.”
I will teach him to deceive others. (I will punish him so that he will not deceive others.) 我要教训他一顿,看他还敢不敢再欺骗人。 “Ellen, shut the window. I’m starving!” and her teeth chattered as she shrunk closer to the almost extinguished embers. “爱伦,把窗子关上,我快冻死了,”她的 牙齿在打颤,一面蜷缩身子,向快要熄灭的火 炉靠拢。
It’s torrent dashes down three thousand feet from high, As if the silver river fell from the azure sky. (许渊冲)
Criteria of translation
Some types of translation (P3)
1. Interpretation:
Consecutive interpretation连续传译/即席翻译 Simultaneous interpretation 同声传译
2. Written: general / gloss translation
Criteria of translation
Tang Xuanzang
“ Five Don’ts”(五不译); i. e.: Don’t translate: what is mysterious; (秘密故) what is multi-semantic; (多义故) what is too alien to be reproduced; (此无故) • what is hereditary; (顺古故) • what is philanthropic. (生善故) • • • • •
Criteria of translation
• 一是易解,二是保存原作的丰姿(鲁迅“rather
to be faithful in thought than smooth in the language”(宁信而不顺) )
• 化境(sublimation,“reaching the acme of perfection”)(钱钟书) • 刘重德/思果:信、达、切 • 许渊冲:音美、形美、意美 • 林以亮:达到一种心灵上的契合 • 余光中:真有灵感的译文,像投胎重生的灵魂一 般,令人觉得是一种“再创造”。
• 江 雪 • 柳宗元 • 千山鸟飞绝,万径人踪灭。 • 孤舟蓑笠翁,独钓寒江雪。 • 许渊冲先生译: • Fishing in Snow • From hill to hill no bird in flight, • From path to path no man in sight. • A straw- cloak’d man afloat, behold! • Is fishing snow on river cold. (许先生的形式传译可谓传神,在前两句诗的翻 译上,他不仅用介词短语取代名词词组,而且还替换了 原诗中表动作意义的词,既没有违背目的语的语言规范, 又表达出了原诗空旷孤寂的意境。这正好体现了真正 意义上的“形式对等”。)
• 望庐山瀑布 • 日照香炉生紫烟, • 遥看瀑布挂前川。 • 飞流直下三千尺, • 疑是银河落九天。 • Cataract on Mount Lu The sunlit censer peak exhales a wreath of cloud, Like an upended stream the catars from the definitions • 1. textual (What we usually translate are
texts rather than independent words or sentences.) Eg. 警幻道:“此茶出在放春山遣香洞,又以仙花灵叶上 所带之宿露而烹,此茶名曰‘千红一窟’。” (第五回) Thousand Red Flowers in One Cavern Maiden’s Tears
another language 《辞海》、《汉语大词典》:把一种语言文 字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。 翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另 一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。
美国Webster’s Third New

Nothing should be added to or taken from the original work. The duty of the translator is simply to change the vocabulary, not the thought. In translation therefore, there are two essential elements: accuracy and expressiveness. • 从以上的翻译定义来看,我们知道……不可有所增 删。译者的任务只是变换词汇而不是改变其意思。因此 翻译有两个要素:准确性与表达性(忠实与通顺)。 • 综合各家之长: 翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出 来,以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文 明,特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。
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