必修二Unit 4 词汇拓展Section A Listening and Speaking1、be similar to教材原句Why do you think William said his hometown was similar to Qufu?你认为为什么威廉说他的家乡和曲阜很像?要点必记be similar in在.....方面相似be the same as与.......相同be different from与.....不同be different in在.....方面不同词语积累similarity n.相似点;类似2、Achilles’ heel 致命的弱点要点必记英语中常用的习语:pull one's leg同某人开玩笑fish out of water因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人fly off the handle大发雷霆be over the moon欣喜若狂laugh one's head off大笑不止，狂笑不已be all ears全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听child's play很容易的事green fingers园艺技能last straw救命稻草an early bird早起的人a wet blanket扫兴的人或事a lucky dog幸运儿a tough nut难对付的人Section B Reading and Thinking1、puzzle n 智力游戏；疑问vt 迷惑；使困惑；教材原句Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
要点必记solve a puzzle解决难题in a puzzle不知如何是好，感到困惑puzzle over/about苦苦思索crossword puzzle填字游戏词语积累Puzzlement n.迷惑，困惑puzzled adj.感到迷惑的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的说明:-ing形容词常说明事物的性质;-ed形容词常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等。
2、join …to …把…和…连接起来要点必记join A to/and B把A和B连接起来connect... to/with/and...把..... 与...连接起来(具体含义)join in参加;加入join (with) sb. in doing sth.和某人一起做某事3、break away （from sb /sth ）脱离；背叛；逃脱教材原句Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK ,which resulted in the full name we have today..最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国,形成了我们今天的全称......要点必记break down出故障;垮掉;失败break into强行闯入break in (强行进入)打断,搅扰break through突破break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发break up (团体)解散; (关系)破裂4、result in 导致，造成教材原句Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today...最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，形成了我们今天的全称…要点必记result in导致，造成result from由于as a result因此，结果as a result of由于5、refer to …as 把…称为…教材原句People from the UK are called “British",which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.来自英国的人被称为“British”,这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。
要点必记(1) referto指的是;提到;涉及;参考refer to his experiences谈到他的经历refer to the problem about society涉及社会问题refer to a dictionary查字典refer to your notes参考一下你的笔记refer ...to.... 把…提交…; 把...归功于....；把.....称作....(2) for future reference供日后参考6、belong to 属于（某人）；是…的成员；是…的一部分；教材原句The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 所属英国的四个部分在一些领域进行了合作要点必记belong vi.应在(某处);适应belongings n. (pl.)所有物;财产，财物personal belongings个人财物，私人用品学法点拨(1) belong to既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。
但可用belong to的现在分词形式作后置定语。
(2)to是介词，后面可跟名词或代词作宾语。
7、as well as 同；和；还；教材原句They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.他们使用同样的国旗，即英国国旗，还使用同样的货币和军事防御。
要点必记A as well as/together with/along withB +谓语动词+其他，谓语动词的单复数由A 决定学法点拨not only A but also B不但A... 而且B ....(强调B )A as well asB 不但B.....而且A ..... (强调A)8、defence n 防御；保卫要点必记(1) in defence of 为.....辩护;捍卫，保卫build up a defence筑起一道防线defence against抵御......in one's defence站在某人一边;为某人辩护come to one's defence出来保护某人(2) defend vt.保护;保卫defend... from/against...保护....免受伤害;保卫.....defend oneself against..为自己辩护误区警示defence后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者”时，介词用against;若接“被保护者”，则介词用of。
9、legal adj法律的；合法的要点必记(1) legal rights合法权利the legal profession/system法律专业/体系take legal advice听取法律方面的建议over the legal limit超出法律允许范围legal documents法律文件a legal adviser法律顾问(2) illegal 非法的，违法的10、surround v 包围教材原句..you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.……你都会被四个不同群体的证据所包围，他们在不同的历史时期接管了英国。
要点必记，be surrounded by/with..被…环绕/包围词语积累surrounding adj.周围的，附近的(只用于名词前)surroundings n. (复数)环境11、evidence n 证据；证明要点必记(1) good/clear/strong evidence充分的/明显的/有力的证据gather/collect evidence收集证据look for/search for evidence寻找/搜寻证据hide evidence隐藏证据There is evidence that..有证据表明medical/scientific evidence医学/科学证据give evidence (出庭)作证(2) evident adj.明显的，显然的It is evident that..很明显.12、achievement n 成就；成绩（可数）；达到（不可数）要点必记(1) quite an achievement 了不起的成就a sense of achievement成就感make an achievement/ make achievements做出成就(2) achieve success获得成功achieve one's aim/goal达到目的/实现目标13、include doing sth包含做某事教材原句Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。
要点必记includevt.包括include vt 包括including prep.包括，包含included adj.被包括的误区警示including是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词; included是形容词，意为“包括在内的”，作后置定语。
包括两名同学:including two schoolmatestwo schoolmates included14、location n 地方；地点；位置教材原句..left behind lots of new vocabulary（不可数）, and also the names of many locations across the UK......留下了很多新词汇，以及英国许多地方的名字要点必记(1) the location of the factory工厂的位置the exact/precise location 确切位置(2) locate vt.坐落于;位于;找出.....的位置be located in/on坐落于，位于locate Berlin on the map在地图上找到柏林15、battle n战斗；搏斗；vi/vt 搏斗；奋斗要点必记a long/lengthy battle旷日持久的斗争a tough/hard battle艰难的斗争fight a... battle .打....的仗win/lose a battle打贏/输掉一场仗accept the battle应战battle against/with与.....战斗battle for为.....战，为....而奋斗16、date back （to）追溯到教材原句..as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. ...因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。