-20 -15 -10 -5
离产犊日期
Days relative to calving
0
Adapted from R.R. Grummer , 1999
产前3周不同体况奶牛的干物质采食量的 预期值
Predicted dry matter intake for cows varying in body condition during the final 3 weeks prior to calving
干奶期长的奶牛会出现产犊困难并增加代谢疾病
Long term dry cows have difficulty calving and increased metabolic problems
下一C泌h乳in期es的e奶产量
Milk Prod. (Kg) Change in next Lactation
1.50 -1.65 Mcal/Kg depending on BCS
q原则1
Rule #1
• 干奶期前体况评分应尽可能达到3.5
Group and feed cows so that as many as possible are BCS 3.5 prior to Dry off
干奶阶段
Dry Period
最高
Maximum
最低
Minimum
干物质
DIM
干奶期前体况评分的重要性
Why is pre dry-off BCS Important?
• 产犊前良好的体况评分值有巨大益处
Big benefits to having cows in the correct BCS for calving
• 干奶期时调整奶牛的体况评分是个错 误的选择
泌乳期
Lact Curve
35.0
每泌乳高峰期额外增加5
公升，使下一泌乳期增加
1吨
30.0
Extra 5 Litres at peak give >1 extra Ton
per Lactation
25.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
月
Month of Lactation
The feeding objective for the 2nd half of the lactation should be to get the cow into the correct BCS for calving and the next lactation
体况评分
BCS
体况评分
Body Condition Scoring
• 一个良好的干奶程序可以增加下一个泌乳 阶段产量约700公斤
A good dry cow programme can increase the next lactation milk yield by more than 700Kg
时间
When?
干奶期程序
DRY OFF Procedure
Ø不考虑产奶量预计产犊之前60天
泌乳后期奶牛的管理对于新产期奶牛 以及下一个泌乳期的产奶量有极大的影响
The management of the late lactation cows will have a big impact through to fresh cows and their milk yield of the next lactation
泌乳后期
Late Lactation
• 泌乳期前段的饲喂目标是尽可能提高干 物质采食量以使产奶峰值最大
The feeding objective in the 1st half lactation is to maximize DMI to maximize peak milk
• 泌乳期后段的饲喂目标应使奶牛为产犊 及下一个泌乳期达到正确的体况评分
q原则2
Rule #2
• 即使每天仅能产3-4升牛奶也不能提前干奶
Don’t dry off cows early even if they are only giving 3-4 litres per day
为什么？
How?
Ø饲养及挤奶正常至最一天干奶
Milk and feed as usual right up to the last milking
• 干奶期的治愈率将达到95%
Dry Cow Treatment will cure about 95% of Infections
q 原则1
Rule #1
• 干奶期前体况评分应尽可能达到3.5
Group and feed cows so that as many as possible are BCS 3.5 prior to Dry off
围产期及初产期奶牛的管理
Transition & Fresh Cow Management
• 我们的目标
What is the objective here?
Ø提高奶产量以获取利润
Profitable increase in milk production
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
公升
L
20.0
Poor reproductive performance
• 偏瘦的奶牛
Thin cows
– 能量储存少
Less energy stores
– 达到产奶遗传潜力的可能性低
Less likely to reach genetic potential for milk yield
奶牛的营养水平指导
结合体况评分1.5-1.65 千卡/公斤
300
200
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-100
C干h奶in天es数e
-200
Days Dry
-300
-400
-500
-600
-700
-800
Penn State Extension Circular 372
q原则1
Rule #1
• 干奶期前体况评分应尽可能达到3.5
Group and feed cows so that as many as possible are BCS 3.5 prior to Dry off
为什么？
Why?
Ø瘤胃和乳头恢复-在这期间需要低浓度日粮
Rumen papillae regeneration - needs low concentrate diet
Ø乳房收缩及修复
Udder involution and repair
Ø蹄肢的恢复
Allow feet and legs to recover
60 Days before projected calving date regardless of milk yield
从现泌乳期到下一个泌乳期的长干奶期意味着奶损失
Long term dry cows cost milk from the current lactation and in the next.
Adjusting Body Condition Up or Down During the Dry Period is a bad option
Ø下一个泌乳期奶牛健康和产奶量将受到较大影响
Big effects on cow health and milk production in the next lactation
干奶牛乳房炎治疗
Dry Cow Mastitis Therapy
• 泌乳期的治疗仅能治愈60%的临床乳房炎
Treatment during lactation can only cure about 60% of clinical mastitis cases
其余40%即使产奶量恢复正常但仍感染
The other 40% still have mastitis infection even thought the milk appears normal
Predicted dry matter intake for cows and heifers during the final 3 weeks prior to calving
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2
1 -25
头胎小母牛 Heifer (gestation = 1)
经产母牛 Cow (gestation > 2)
参数
Parameters
采食量的下降 DMI drop, %
Control group Test group
28
0
肝脂肪的增加 Increase of the liver triglyceride level, %
脂肪校正乳 乳脂率
3,5% fat corrected milk, Kg
Fat percentage, %
• 维持日粮
Maintenance diet
• 低能量
Low energy
• 高纤维
High fibre
• 蛋白含量约12%
Protein about 12%
奶牛的营养水平指导
干奶后期
Close Up Dry Cows
21天至产犊
(21 days until calving)
• 维持干物质采食量
227
75
41,7
q原则2
Rule #2
• 即使每天仅能产3-4升牛奶也不能提前干奶