一：选择（51'）1:Hebrew---Israelite---Jew Jew---Jewish---JudaismJudaism---Christianity2: Pentateuch （摩西五经）：Genesis（创世纪）、Exodus（出埃及记）、Leviticus （利未记）、Numbers（民数计）、Deuteronomy（申命记）3：The fall of man: Adam and Eve、the Garden of Eden4: Noah 's Ark5:Moses（a famous Hebrewleader）、Exodus、40 years、the mountainous Sinai 、Ten Commandments6:While in Babylon in the 6th century ., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues（大会堂）to practise their religion.7: 如今有多少犹太人？15 million8:Jesus出生地：那瑟勒死亡地：耶路撒冷郊外髑髅地•各各地Baptism: 30 years 、John baptist9:Diocletian destroyed 、Constantine and the Edict of Milan in 133 、Theodosius official10: the newtestament（新约）：the birth 、teaching 、death （The Crucifixion 耶稣被钉十字架）、resurrection of Jesus 11：现代英语两大宝库：the English Bible and Shakespeare 12:228 years13:the Code of Chivalry ：to protect the week , to fight for church , to be loyal to his lord , to respect women of noble birth .14:half civilized Germanic tribes: Visigoths , the Franks, the Angle and Saxons, the Vandals15:Feudalism（封建主义） the Manor（庄园） serfs（农奴） Charles Martel in 732.16:After 1054, the Roman Catholic church and Eastern Orthodox church 17:three groups in feudalism: clergy（牧师最高）lords peasants （农民最低）18：the crusades（十字军） 8 times 200 yearsBy 1291, the moslems had taken over the last Christain stronghold.19:Emperor of the Romans（神圣罗马皇帝）:Charlemagne（查理曼大帝）20:Alfred the Great（ Anglo-Saxdon） contributed to medieval European culture 21:real scientific progress began in the 12th and 13th centuries.Roger bacon（a monk） is an advocate of scientific research. Opus maius, and encyclopedia （自然哲学总则）22:National Epics: Beowulf (Anglo-saxo n/英国) Song of Roland (French/法国)荷马史诗代表作Iliad（伊利亚特）和Odysse （奥德赛）Geoffrey Chaucer （杰弗里乔叟）and the Canterbury tales （坎特伯雷故事）23: Romanesqu©罗马建筑） Gothic （哥特式建筑）:stained glass windows are the Holy Scriptures24:哲学三杰（苏格拉底，柏拉图，亚里士多德）顺序不能打乱二：简答（6道）nges over the cen turies. Two of these eleme nts are con sidered to be more en duri ng and they are: the Greco-Roma n eleme nt, and the Judeo-Christia n eleme nt. However, there has bee n a complex in terplay betwee n the two, which adds to the rich ness of the culture.2:Why should Chin ese stude nts of En glish bother about Europea n culture? Well, English culture is a part of European culture and Ianguage cannot be lear ned without some kno wledge of the culture Beh ind it.Further, European culture itself is a part of world culture. Someknowledge of it is necessary to us as citizens of the world, particularly whe n our country is going ahead with moder ni zati on and tak ing an active part in world affairs.3：Ten Commandments摩西十诫)1)You shall have no other gods before me.除了我以外，你不可有别的神。
2)You shall not make for yourself an idol. 不可为自己雕刻偶像。
4) Observe the sabbath day and keep it holy. 守安息日为圣日。
5) Honor your father and mother. 孝敬父母。
6) You shall not murder. 不可杀人。
7) Neither shall you commit adultery. 不可奸淫。
8) Neither shall you steal. 不可偷盗。
9.)Neither shall you bear false witness against your neighbor.4:为什么基督教是西方最大的宗教?Amon gall the religio ns by which people seek to worship, Christia nity is by far the most in flue ntial in the West. Every phase of man ' s life is touched by this religi on, so much so that it has become part and parcel of Wester n culture.5: Why are Judaism and Christianity closely related?In fact, it was the Jewish tradition which gave birth to Christianity.Both originated in Palestine--the hub of migration and trade routes, whichled to excha nge of ideas over wide areas.6:为什么叫中世纪？7:为什么叫dark ages?8:为什么叫the age of faith?9:why could the “Christian Church ” become the only central of power.10:the Code of Chivalry（骑士公约）：to protect the week , to fight for church , to be loyal to his lord , to respect wome n of n oble birth .三：论述（5 道）About 1300 ., the Hebrews came to settle in Palest ine, known as Canaan at that time, and formed small kingdoms. Their history was handed down orally from onegeneration to another in the form of folktales and stories,which were recorded later in the Old Testament, which still late became the first part of the christian Bible. Though a minor tribe in ancient Middle East with a small populati on, the Hebrews made one of the greatest contribution to the word civilization.2:Why do we say the Bible has shaped Western culture more decisively than anything else ever writte n ?The Bible is the most popular book in the culture of mankin d. It is the esse ntial of western civilizati on, hav ing shaped the western civilizati on more decisively tha n any thi ng else ever writte n.3:What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the RomanEmpire ?(1) In 476 . a Germanic general killed the last Roman emperor and took con trol of the gover nment. A great many Germa nic kin gdoms bega n to grow into the n ati ons known as En gla nd, Fran ce, Spa in, Italy, and Germa ny. (2) Betweenthe 5th to 11th centuries, Western Europe was the scene of frequent wars and in vasi ons. The political un ity had give n way to widespread destructi on and con fusi on. Hun ger and disease killed many lives; tow ns and villages fell into ruin and great areas of land lay waste. (3) During the medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.In the late Middle Ages, Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art,and lear ning for hun dreds of year.(1) Ren aissa nce started in Flore nce and Ven ice with the floweri ng of pain tin gs, sculpture and architecture. Form Italy the moveme nt went to embrace the rest of Europe. (2) Because of its geographical positi on, foreig n trade developed early in Italy in to con tact with other cultures and gave rise to urban economyand helped Italy to accumulate wealth which was an esse ntial factor for the floweri ng of art and literature. (3) For two cen turies begi nning from the late 15th cen tury, Flore nce was the golden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poet, scholars, artists and sculptors. There was in Florence a revival of interest in classical lear ning and rising of huma nist ideas.5:What is the significanee of the Reformation in European civilization ?The significanee of the Reformation in European civilization is profound.(1) Before Reformati on .It was un der the absolute rule of the Roma nCatholic Church and the Holy RomarEmpire. Economically, peasants all over Europe had to pay a good amount of their gains to the Pope. The Reformation brought cha nges to all these. (2) In educatio nal and cultural matters, the monopoly of the Church was broken. (3) In religion, Protestantism brought into differe nt forms of Christia nity to challe nge the absolute rule of the RomanCatholic Church. (4) In Ianguage, the dominant position of Lat in had to give way to the n ati on al la nguages as a rule of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular. (5) In spirit, absolute obedie nee became out-moded and the spirit of quest, debate, was ushered of the Roman Catholic Church and Europe was to take a new course of development, a scientific revolution was to be under way and, capitalismwas to set in with its dynamic economic principles.6:What is the merit which Charlemagne and Alfred the Great share ?(1) Charlemag ne was crow ned “ Emperor of the Roma ns by the Pope in 800, and Alfred the Great was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex. Both of them contribution greatly to the medieval European culture.(2) Charlemagne and Alfred the Great all encourage learning. For example, Charlemag ne set up mon astery schools, gave support to scholars and set scribes to work copy ing various an cie nt books. Alfred worried about the disappeara nee and made Wessex the An glo-Sax on cultural centre byintroducing teachers and schools, founding newmonasteries, and promoting translations into the vernacular from Latin works.。