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Means and mode of production 生产资料,生产方式
Social classes
Alienation 异化
Main Ideas
Historical materialism 唯物史观
Base and superstructure 经济基础和上层建筑
Ideology 意识形态
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Development
1848 1859
The Communist Manifesto
Preface to the Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
1867
Capital, how capitalism developed and functioned Marx's death, Engels as editor and translator
Western Marxism
Structural Marxism
Neo-Marxism (Frankfurt School)
New-Left Marxsim
Analytical Marxism
Marxist Humanism
Post Marxism
Marxism Feminism
Marxist Literary Criticism
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Representatives (Development)
Contemporary
Two WWs
Early time
Vulgar Marxist economic determinism
Prosperity Various types
Effect of the superstructure
art as production. Writer is the producer
Development of Marxist Criticism
1920s
Since then
Since then
•systematized • impetus: 1917, October Revolution of Russia •change in belief around socialist ideal •socialist realism
Main ideas
Form and ideology:the relationship between form and
content is determined by the fact that the new form is discovered, proclaimed and evolved under the pressure of an inner need, of a collective psychological demand which, like everything else...has its social roots
Reflectionist theory:how works of lit relate to the real
world. True knowledge, is a more profound and comprehensive reflection of objective reality than is given in appearance.
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Early time Feature
Limited within the formula that economic base determines the superstucture
Main ideas
Literature: reflection of the social reality, which is determined directly by economic power
Representatives:
Georg Lukács Bertolt Brecht The Frankfurt School
Georg Lukács
History and Class Consciousness(1923)
Contributions
initiate the current of thought that came to be known as Western Marxism reconstructing Marx's theory of alienation propose that great literary works not only represent the dominant ideology at that time, but also criticize the dominant ideology it is in him that the problem of literary form has been most thoroughly explored.
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Russian Revolution
Arguments over the importance of political leadership and the use of revolutionary state power in creating a socialist (and communist)society never stopped. Since Marx and Engels themselves didn't produce any detailed analysis of such issues, 20th century Marxists such as Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Castro added their own perspectives to it.
Marxist Literary Criticism
Main ideas
Social being and consciousness: The social situation of the
author determines the types of characters that will develop, the political ideas displayed and the economical statements developed in the text.
According to Marxists, even literature itself is a social institution and has a specific ideological function, based on the background and ideology of the author.
Representatives: Vladimir Maksimovich Friche,
Caudwell
Between the two World Wars Feature
Western Marxism was more concerned with the effect on the economic base by the superstructure
LOGO
Marxism
Marxism
Marxist Theories
Brief Introduction Development Main Ideas Schools of Thoughts
Marxist Literary Criticism
Brief Introduction
Main Ideas Development Representatives Inflenced Writers
Definition
Marxist literary criticism is a loose term describing literary criticism based on socialist and dialectic theories.
Marxist criticism views literary works as reflections of the social institutions from which they originate.
•Narrow sense
• Broad sense:
•An economic &sociopolitical worldview and method • A dialectical （辩 证的）view • An analysis and critique
•German classical philosophy •British classical political economics •French Utopians
1883
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Development
1884 1917
1980 /90
Engels, Origins of the Family, Private Property and the State
Russian Revolution
collapse of Marxist regimes, "Marxism is dead"
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Ideology
Because the ruling class controls the society's means of production, the superstructure of society, as well as its ruling ideas, will be determined according to what is in the ruling class's best interests. Marx, "the ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force"