▪ Human factors are an aspect of transport engineering, particularly concerning drivervehicle interface and user interface of road signs, signals, and markings.
More sophisticated forecasting can include other aspects of traveler decisions, including auto ownership, trip chaining (the decision to link individual trips together in a tour) and the choice of residential or business location (known as land use forecasting). Transportation engineering, as practiced by civil engineers, primarily involves planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of transportatio8
▪ Congestion reduces efficiency of transportation infrastructure and increases travel time, air pollution, and fuel consumption.
▪ "Road operators, infrastructure, vehicles, their drivers and other road users will cooperate to deliver the most efficient, safe, secure and comfortable journey. The vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-infrastructure co-operative systems will contribute to these objectives beyond the improvements achievable with stand-alone systems."
What is ITS?
▪ 智慧型運輸系統 (ITS, Intelligent Transportation System)乃是應 用先進的電子、通信、資訊與感測等技術， 以整合人、路、車的管理策略，提供即時 (real-time)資訊以增進運輸系統的安全、效率 及舒適性，同時也減少交通對環境的衝擊。
Operations and management involve traffic engineering, so that vehicles move smoothly on the road or track. Older techniques include signs, signals, markings, and tolling. Newer technologies involve intelligent transportation systems (ITS), including advanced traveler information systems (such as variable message signs), advanced traffic control systems (such as ramp meters), and vehicle infrastructure integration.
ITS (Intelligent transportation system)
• ITS refers to efforts to add information and communications technology to transport infrastructure and vehicles in an effort to manage factors that typically are at odds (不一致) with each other, such as vehicles, loads, and routes to improve safety and reduce vehicle wear, transportation times, and fuel consumption.
• ITS comes from the problems caused by traffic congestion(擁塞) and a synergy(協同增效作用) of new information technology for simulation, real-time control, and communications networks.
Technical forecasting of passenger travel usually involves an urban transportation planning model, requiring the estimation of trip generation (how many trips for what purpose), trip distribution (destination choice, where is the traveler going), mode choice (what mode is being taken), and route assignment (which streets or routes are being used).
Introduction
▪ The planning aspects of transport engineering relate to urban planning, and involve technical forecasting decisions and political factors.