《外刊经贸知识选读》第一章一、术语1.制成品 manufactured goods2.资本货物 capital goods3.国际收支 balance of payments4.经常项目 current account5.有形贸易项目 visible trade account6.无形贸易项目 invisible trade account7.贸易顺差 trade surplus8.贸易逆差 trade deficit9.易货贸易 barter10.补偿贸易 compensation trade11.反向贸易 counter-trade12.组装生产assembly manufacturing13.工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax14.合资企业 joint venture15.延期付款 deferred payment16.买方信贷 buyer credit17.卖方信贷 supplier credit18.软贷款 (低息贷款) soft loan19.最惠国待遇 MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)20.永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)21.国民收入 NI(National Income)22.国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product)23.国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)24.国际复兴和开发银行 IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)25.国际开发协会 IDA(International Development Association)26.国际金融公司 IFC(International Finance Corporation)27.经济合作和发展组织 OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)28.国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement)29.欧洲经济共同体 EEC(European Economic Community)30.欧洲联盟 EU(European Union)31.外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)32.The special Economic Zone 经济特区33.a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士34.infrastructure 基础设施35.capital stock 实际资本36.consumer goods 消费品37.preferential tax rate 优惠税率38.cooperative enterprise 合作(经营)企业39.ETDZ ( Economic &Technical Development Zone )经济技术开发区40.entrepreneurship 企业家精神41.means of production 生产资料42.stock-taking 评估43.Allocation of resources 资源配置44.macro regulation and control 宏观调控45.fiscal policies 财政政策46.15.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策47.16.working capital 运营资本48.17.basic policy 基本国策49.18.technical transformation 技术革新50.二、词语释义：substantially： dramatically，significantly，considerably 显著地，相当大地subsequently： afterwards 随后，后来exacerbate： deteriorate，worsen；aggravate；make worse 恶化withdraw： cancellation 撤回，撤销theme： principle 主题，原则in return for： in exchange fordisrupt： interrupt中断，打断destined： designed] 注定的，目的是，有计划的pronounced： marked 宣布，宣称in the wake of： following； after with 在……之后undue： too much； unbearable 过度的，过分的reverse： change to the opposite 反转，颠倒，反向，相反buoyant： brisk 活跃的outcome： result 结果boost： stimulate； promote； develop 促进，提高，刺激recover： rebound 恢复facilitate： make easy 促进；使容易；帮助；使便利run-down： reduction 减少，降低mount exhibitions： hold exhibitions 举办展览insofar as： to the extent 在……范围内bottlenecks： obstacles障碍三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country…s industrializati on programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
2. The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportationconstraints became more serious.在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。
当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，运输管制变的更严重。
3. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China…s economic planners， but also because a number of industrial project s were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in mode rnizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978， placing unduestrain on the national economy.在这个时期，出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划者着重强调出口，也是因为大多工业项目在1979年被推迟了。
官方承认外国技术能够在中国经济的现代化化中起重大作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。
4. Chinese official stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry， b ut the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication，not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West. 中国官员强调为国内工业引进先进技术的重要性，但是需要的是各种程度不同的精尖技术，而不是像西方国家理解的先进技术。
5. There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of paymens，but the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981-1983 and a pronounced increase in earnings fro m tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years.没有官方的统计资料涉及无形贸易收支，但在1981-1983年期间的有形贸易顺差的大小和旅游赢利的显著增长表明了经常项目在过去几年里有盈余。
6. Goods are produced according to a sample provided by the customer，while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw mat erials and equipment and receives manufactured goods， produced by the equipment provided，in return .Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link bet ween the equipment supplied from abroad and the manufactured product. Assembly manufacturing began in 1978 and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties an d taxation.根据顾客提供的样品来生产产品，同时强烈鼓励补偿贸易。