continued
Early in 20 century, Zooecology; Structure and development of vegetation by F.E.Clements in 1904, Research methodology for ecology in 1905; Vegetation types in England by A. G. Tansley in 1911. 英美学派：dynamic ecology; 法瑞学派： steady ecology; 前苏联：phyto-geography, near ecosystem.
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continued
Modern ecology: Keywords:
eco-environmental crisis; sustainable development; International research programme, such as IBP, MAB, IGBP, GCP,…… Eco-agriculture, eco-planning, eco-tourism, eco-safety, Erestoration.
calendar ; 2）17-19 century, phenological phase ;
phenophase; 3）Origins of species by Darwin in 1859. 4） Phytoecology by E. Warming in 1895.
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The topic on real life
The development of modern landscape architecture(LA)
3 stages, that is, traditional LA, city greening, and landscape planning.
academic experience.
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Topics to be discussed
Brief Introduction of the Framework of This Course
❖ ecology of individuals(1-6) ❖ population-community ecology(7-10) ❖ ecosystem ecology(11-12) ❖ urban ecosystem ecology(13-15) Arrangement for this course.
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The first topic(continued)
Examples 1.The ecology of forest birds…… 2. Forest nutrient budgets. …… Knowledge of ecology you should
have acquired before(5min) For instances given by students……
园林生态学 Landscape Ecology
For Students of Landscape Architecture of 2003 and 2004. Instructor: Dr. Huang For the semester from Sept. 2005 to Jan. 2006
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The third topic
Supported info and examples Urbanization and modern landscape
architecture Urbanization: rapid increase in population
in cities. Urban issues: a series of problem. And the causes: Green City Movement and E. Howard.
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The second topic
Brief history of the development of ecology the four stages of development Examples: 1）24 durations accordance to Chinese
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介绍
学习本课程的目的 1.专业性质:园林专业归于生态环境 类，生态学为该专业的主干课程。 2.知识结构：为后续专业课程提供生 态学基础，树立生态意识、增强生 态管理能力，更好地服务于今后实 践。
About the instructor Brief introduction of my story of teaching and
The causes: Ecological garden(definition)and
essentials of the modern LA.
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Summary of Topic
LE:comparing the two concepts and talk out your opinion about them. LE属于应用生态 学的范畴，是研究城市居民、生物与环境 之间相互关系的科学，它以城市居民、植 物、动物、微生物及城市环境为研究对象， 以健康的城市人居环境为研究目的，利用 生态学原理改善城市环境，合理使用资源， 调控人、生物与环境之间的关系，最终实 现城市的可持续发展。
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绪论-Introduction
Formation and development of ecology (一)Concept and subject investigated 1. Background information: 1866年，德国
E.Haekel《General biological morphology普通生物形态学》首次提出 ecology.oekologie(oikoslogos);economics(The economy of nature). 2. Concept: 生态学以有机体与其生存环境之 间关系为研究对象的科学 The science of the relationships between organisms and their environments.