Clinical Features

(4).Horner’s syndrome.It is caused by invading the cervical sympathetic ganglia on the involved side the pupil is small ptosis of the up eyelids,retraction of the eyeball and no sweat of the face. (5)Cardiac effusion
Etiology

The cause of lung cancer is unknown.It is believed
that there are following related factors.

1. Excessive cigarette smoking:Smoking
index(Brinkman Index) is equal to cigarettes per day smoking time(years).
2.Sar organs or tissue involved by tumor.
(1).Dysphagia. (2).Hoarseness. (3).Pleural effusion due to invasion of the pleura.


5.Diets and Nutrition.
6.Chronic irritation.
7.Genetic factors.
Pathology And Classification

1. According to the position of tumor arising from ,it can be divided into two types . Central type:Tumor arises from main bronchus, lobar and segmental bronchus . Peripheral type : Tumor arises beyond segmental bronchus .

Pathology And Classification
According
to the different principles
of management,it is divided into two types.
SCLC:small NSCLC:non
cell lung carcinoma.
Incidence and mortality

Bronchogenic carcinoma has increased remarkable in incidence and mortality during half of the century and has become the most frequent visceral malignant diseases of men.The mortality of lung cancer hold the first place among all kinds carcinomas.

Clinical features


1.Respiratory symptoms.
(1).Cough: (2).Hemoptysis: (3).Dyspnea.:

(4).Wheeze or stridor:


(5).Chest pain :
(6).Fever:
Clinical features
Bronchogenic Carcinoma (Lung Cancer)
Respiratory department
Definition
Bronchogenic carcinoma
refers to the malignant tumor which grows in the bronchus. Originating from mucus or gland of bronchus.
small cell lung carcinoma.
Clinical features
There are no symptoms of early lung cancer in some patients. Symptoms caused by lung cancer are nonspecific:perhaps an audible wheeze or a slight cough,symptoms of infection (fever ,purulent sputum) , of obstruction (wheezing,dyspnea), or ulceration of bronchial mucosa (hemoptysis).

Pathology And Classification
2.According to cytology,it is convenient to classify into four kinds of types. (1).Squamous cell carcinoma. (2).Small cell anaplastic carcinoma. (3).Large cell anaplastic carcinoma. (4).Adenocarcinoma(including alveolar cell carcinoma).

Passive smoking is also a carcinogen factor.
Etiology

2.Atmospheric pollution.It was found that carcinogenic factor is benzpyrene .
3.Occupational factors. 4Radioactivity in the atmosphere .

Clinical fetures