Unit24为了支持和促进国际商务，公司和政府发展了各项有关服务，诸如建立银行信贷协定、制定汇划结算安排和缔结国际邮政协定，从而保证国际商务的顺利开展和扩大In order to support and facilitate international business, companies and governments have developed services, such as establishment of bank credit agreements, make remittance settlement arrangements and international postal agreements conclusion, in order to ensure the smoothly development and expansion of international business5在加剧的外国竞争的压力下，为了维持竞争力，谋求生存和发展，公司不得不将其业务扩展到国际市场，对国外销售机会作出反应，积极扩大国际商务活动Under the pressure of foreign competition, in order to maintain competitiveness, to seek survival and development, the company will have to expand its business into the international market, respond quickly to many foreign sales opportunities, and actively expand the international business activitiesUnit31、许多国家和地区工农业生产的巨大增长Many countries and regions in the tremendous growth of industrial and agricultural production2、导致工业国对食品和原材料的需求迅速增长In industrial countries on food and raw materials to the rapid growth of demand 3、增至十五倍的工业品进口量Increased to fifteen times of industrial products imports4、对发展中国家农业出口产品需求的剧烈增长On developing agricultural export product demand sharp growth5、对棉花和天然橡胶等原材料需求的减少On cotton and natural rubber and other raw materials to reduce the demand 6、合成代用品生产的发展及其产量的增加Synthetic substitutes for production development and yield increase7、有助于发展中国家的工业发展和经济增长Contribute to developing industrial development and economic growth8、国际贸易对各国经济发展重要的有益作用International trade on the economic development of various countries important beneficial effect9、有助于欠发达国家制造业和制成品生产的发展Contribute to the less developed country manufacturing industry and the development of the production of manufactured goods10、刺激和促进发达与发展中国家间资本的流动To stimulate and promote the flow of capital between the developed and developing countries11、新技术和新的管理技能的传送手段New technologies and new management skills transfer means12、从国际贸易获得巨大好处的欠发达国家From international trade have great benefits for the less developed countries 13、国际贸易与长期经济发展之间的关系International Trade and economic development of the relationship between 14、以更快的速度从发达国家吸引先进技术Faster speed in order to attract advanced technology from developed countries 1、国际贸易的产生和发展，促进了各国再生产过程的正常运行和不断扩大，提高了生产力水平，并促进了生产国际化和资本国际化，以及提高其他方面的经济发展The emergence of international trade and development, promote the process of reproduction and the normal operation to expand ceaselessly, improve the level of productivity, and promote the internationalization of production and capital internationalization, and improve other aspects of economic development2、凯恩斯及其追随者着重于出口对就业和收入的作用，他们认为贸易顺差可以扩大支付手段，压低利率，刺激物价上涨，增加投资，从而有助于国内危机的缓和与就业的扩大Keynes and his followers to focus on export of employment and income effects, they think the trade surplus could expand the means of payment, interest rates low, stimulate the price rise, increase investment, which contribute to the domestic crisis of relaxation and expansion of employment3、另一些经济学家认为，国际贸易的兴起和发展，会使商品的市场扩大，从而推动技术进步和生产过程的改善，促进产量增加，并使投资结构发生变化，从而促进整个国民经济的发展Some economists think, international trade is arisen with development, can make commodity market to expand, thereby promoting technological progress and production process improvement, promoting yield increase, and make the investment structure changes, so as to promote the development of the national economy4、发展中国家发展对外贸易导致外汇收入增加和外国先进技术的引进，它在弥补这些国家资本、促进它们的技术进步中起着重要的作用In developing foreign trade in foreign exchange income increases in foreign countries and the introduction of advanced technology, which make the national capital, promote their technological progress plays an important role in 5、多年来，在吸收外资的同时，中国全力发展对外贸易，大量进口精密的机械设备和尖端技术，大量出口各种工农业产品，有力地促进了经济发展和社会主义现代化的实现Over the years, in the absorption of foreign capital, China to develop foreign trade, large imports of sophisticated equipment and advanced technology, a large number of export all kinds of industrial and agricultural products, effectively promoted the economic development and the socialism modernization国际贸易给各国经济带来了巨大的利益。
发达国家需要全球贸易的自由化为本国企业开拓更为广阔的发展空间，发展中国家也纷纷把出口导向作为本国工业化的发展战略。
美国是当今世界上最大的进出口贸易国，每年进出口贸易达2万亿美元，出口产业已成为美国经济增长的引擎，美国经济增长的1/3来自出口行业。
欧盟是当今世界上最大的贸易集团，每年进出口贸易都占世界进出口贸易的1/5左右。
欧盟成员国之间的内部贸易是欧盟一体化的重要经济基础。
国际贸易对目标市场国家尤为重要，随着目标市场国家经济发展和对外开放，对外贸易在中国经济中日益显现，1999年，目标市场国家国内生产总值为8.2万亿人民币，全年进出口总额3607亿美元，其中出口总额1949亿美元。
进出口总额相当于全年国内生产总值的1/3以上。
全国将近1/5的产品是直接用于出口的。
2000年，目标市场国家加入世界贸易组织，目标市场国家的市场将更加开放，目标市场国家经济与世界经济的联系将更为紧密。
International trade to the economies of the countries brought great benefits. Developed countries need to global trade liberalization for domestic enterprises to exploit more wide development space, developing countries are also seen as a native of export-oriented industrialization development strategy.The United States is the world's largest import and export trading nation, import and export trade of $2 trillion a year, the export sector has become the economic growth of the engine, the American economic growth from exports 1/3 of the industry.The European Union is now the world's largest trade group, import and export trade of the world each year are about 1/5 of the import and export trade. The European Union member states of the European Union between internal trade is an important economic integration based.The international trade of the target market is particularly important to the country, with the goal market national economic development and opening to the outside world, the foreign trade of China's economy becomes increasingly, in 1999, the target market countries GDP for 8.2 trillion RMB, annual export total $360.7 billion, with total export value of 194.9 billion dollars. Total import and export volume throughout the year is equivalent to more than a third of GDP. Nearly 1/5 of the product is directly used for export. In 2000, the target market countries to join the world trade organization, target market markets will more open, target market economy country linked to the world economy will be more closely.Unit41、非关税贸易壁垒对国家经营活动的影响Non-tariff trade barriers on the influence of the national business activities 2、求助非关税贸易壁垒以保护其缺乏竞争力的产业Resort to non-tariff trade barriers to protect their lack of competitiveness of the industry3、把相当大的注意力放在消除国际贸易的障碍上The considerable attention to eliminate barrier to international trade4、阻碍国际商品和服务的自由流动Block international products and services to the free flow of5、旨在放宽对进口商品限制的法规条例Aims to relax restrictions on imports of the legislation6、对来自发展中国家的某些产品实施进口配额From developing countries to some of the product implementation import quotas7、对生产重要出口商品的厂商给予特惠Production of an important export manufacturers give preferential8、估计每年达200亿美元的该国农产品出口销售额Estimated $20 billion a year in the country's agricultural product export sales9、歧视来自发展中国家的中、低档纺织品Discrimination from developing countries, and low in textiles10、把某些国家排除在得到优惠的国家之外Put some countries out of the country get preferential outside11、干扰各国间正常的交易和经贸关系Interference between countries of the normal trade and economic relations12、反对美国对来自该亚洲国家的进口货征收抵消关税For the opposition to the United States from Asian countries import tariffs on offset 13、由减少贸易潜在利益的进口限制所造成的扭曲By reducing the potential benefits of trade import restriction by the distortion14、约略计算外国商品需求曲线的弹性Roughly calculated foreign goods the elasticity of the demand curve 1、非关税壁垒是指以进口数量限制为特点的贸易保护主义措施，它们被发达国家和有些发展中国家用来干扰和阻碍商品和服务在国际间的自由流动Non-tariff barrier refers to the limitation of import quantity characteristics of protectionist measures, they are developed countries and some developing countries have used to interference and prevent goods and services in the free flow of international2、70年代中期以来，由于世界性经济危机爆发，加上国际市场争夺加剧，因而发达国家不得不求助于旨在限制进口的非关税壁垒，力图克服困难Since the mid 70 s, due to the world economic crisis, with the international market for increased, so have to turn to developed countries to import restrictions of non-tariff barriers, trying to overcome the difficulties3、非关税壁垒同关税壁垒一样，起到限制进口、引起进口国国内市场物价上涨的作用，加重了西方发达国家人民的负担Non-tariff barriers with tariff barriers, a way to limit imports, domestic market prices caused by importing countries and the role of the western developed countries increase people's burden4、近年来，美国实施的一些贸易政策和条例对中国加以歧视，并对中国向美国出口的一些产品实行严格限制In recent years, the implementation of trade policy and regulations about some Chinese to discrimination, and Chinese exports to the us to some of the products shall be strictly limited5、在未来的日子里,美国和其他西方国家仍然可能对中国纺织品等劳动密集型产品出口的限制,中国将坚决反对In the future, the United States and other western countries still likely to Chinese textiles and other labor-intensive products export restrictions imposed, China will firmly opposed to this非关税壁垒是指一个国家运用配额制、许可证等一系列非关税手段而实行的限制进口措施。