从语言学角度看中国洋泾浜英语的影响［Abstract］Chinese Pidgin English is a variety of the English language. It is one product of language contact and plays an important part in the evolution of language. It promotes the Europeanization of the Chinese grammar and enriches the vocabulary and expressions of the English language.［Key words］Chinese Pidgin English,language contact,linguistic[WTBZ]I. IntroductionIt is probable that one language comes into contact with other languages by many kinds of means such as cultural exchanges, migrations and wars, etc. When many languages meet each other in the same country or area, such kind of “contact” will become more frequent and finally bring forth some results. Pidgin is just one product of these “contacts”. Pidgin English of China is a variety of the English language. In fact, it represents the global expansion of the English culture. But it is also the localization of the English language. It came into being in the opened ports of old China (such as the city of Guangzhou in Canton Province) and was greatly affected by the pronunciation, rules and expressions of Chinese language. Therefore, it is international as well aslocal. As an important cultural phenomenon, Chinese Pidgin English has become one focus of linguistic studies. The study of its influences can help people have a better understanding of the law of language contact, language evolution and language learning.Ⅱ. The Influences of Chinese Pidgin EnglishBoth Chinese language and English language are greatly affected by Chinese Pidgin English which has been born out by a famous analysis by Joseph R. Levenson to the effect that through Chinese Pidgin English, the West changed the language of China, while China enriched the vocabulary of the West.\[1\]1392.1 The influence of pidgin English on the Chinese languageIn the 19th century world, English was a far more influential language than Chinese. As a variety of the English language, Chinese Pidgin English has exerted greater influences on Chinese than on English, revealing themselves respectively in vocabulary and in grammar. The Chinese language is changed to some extent.On the one hand, Chinese Pidgin English enlarged the Chinese vocabulary in two aspects. Firstly, as the popularization of Chinese Pidgin English, the expressions of local dialects of the Chinese language are enriched. For instance, “shit” is a slang word which means “faeces”,“contemptible person” or “nonsense”. In Chinese Pidgin English, it was transliterated as “噱头”. Today the expression “噱头” are still used by many people in their daily life, though its meaning is somewhat altered (now it usually means a fraud or trick, or vulgar and funny words or actions). Another example is the Chinese phrase “瘪三” (which means “beggars”). This phrase also originated from Chinese Pidgin English. In old Shanghai, there were many beggars begging for money or food. In Chinese Pidgin English, “beg for” was spoken as “beg say”. As the pronunciation of “beg say” is similar to that of “瘪三”, later on “beggars” were called “瘪三” by people. Secondly, some words and phrases of Chinese Pidgin English became part of the official language of China not only in verbal form but also in written form. Take “时髦” as an example. Nowadays, “时髦” means fas hionable or stylish. But actually it was a word of Chinese Pidgin English. It is the transliteration of the word “smart” according to its pronunciation in Shanghai dialect. The Chinese expression “邋遢” can also serve as an example. As the transliteration of the word “litter”, “邋遢” is a word of Chinese Pidgin English which means “untidy”. It is still in use in modern Chinese and its meaning remains unchanged. There are many other words that can prove the influences of Chinese Pidgin English on the vocabulary of today’s official language of China, such as “伦敦(London)”, “来富（复）枪(rifle)”, “巴士(bus)”, “三文治/三明治(sandwich)”, etc..\[2\]15On the other hand, though Chinese Pidgin English was localized in grammar, it still had great influence on the grammar of the Chinese language. It promoted the Europeanization of the Chinese grammar. The grammar of Classical Chinese is very complex and difficult to understand by common people. Chinese Pidgin English brought in the much easier English grammar. Therefore, many Chinese intellectuals launched an Europeanization movement, aiming at improving the Chinese grammar by advocating the grammar of the English language. An important alteration is the word order. For example, the sentence “古之人不余欺也。