第五讲词类转换词类转换包括把英语名词翻译成汉语的动词、形容词或者副词;把英语的形容词翻译成汉语的副词、动词或者名词;把英语的副词翻译成汉语的名词、动词或者形容词;把英语动词翻译成汉语的名词或者副词;把英语介词翻译成汉语的动词等。
转换词性,就增加了词汇选择的可能性,从而达到丰富用词,增加译文的文采。
翻译下列句子:1.唱歌,她最棒。
She is the best singer.2. 我太太那时也在韩山师范学院教书。
她教书比我教得好。
My wife was also a teacher in Hanshan Teachers’College at that time. She was a better teacher than I was.3.她最会记仇。
She is the best hater.4.从窗口可以看到学校美丽的图书馆。
A glance through the window offers a beautiful view of the college’s library.5.他给我留下很深的印象。
She impressed me deeply.6. 翻译课的目的是提高翻译技能。
Translation Course aims at the improvement of translation skills.7.我们不知道您已经到达学校。
We were not aware that you were already in the scool.8搞经济,他比我行。
He is better than me in economy.9.这篇文章我看不懂。
This article is beyond my comprehension.10.穿红衣的女孩来自云南。
The girl in red is from Yunnan.请同学们翻译下列汉语句子。
1.美国试图在经济和政治上孤立古巴。
2.就地理分布而言,英语肯定分布更广泛。
3.我们很高兴地看到,我国的造船工业正在蓬勃发展。
4.我在想,为什么许多人对出国如此热衷。
5.他有口才,有风度,但是不诚实。
6.他不在那列火车上,我十分失望。
一、汉语动词转换汉语中的动词使用比较频繁,因此在汉译英时,常常跟据具体情况将汉语动词转换成英语名词,有时汉语中修饰动词的副词也要随之转换。
1.汉语动词转换成英语名字(1)汉语书名及标题中的动词常常转换成英语名词,例如:《回忆毛泽东》Reminiscences of Mao Zedong《想北平》Fond Memories of Bei ping《话说短文》A Chat about Short Essays(2)对人物的介绍说明,有时可将动词转换成名词,例如:他能喝很多酒。
He is a great drinker他妹妹老是说谎。
His sister is a great liar他长期以来习惯于在最后一分钟作决定He has long been used to last-minute decisions(3)汉语动词连续出现时,可将其中的某个或某些动词转换成英语名词,如:司机违反任何交通规则都要受到警察的罚款。
Violations of any traffic rules by the drivers will be fined by the police.设计的目的在于操作自动,调节方便,维护简易,生存率高。
The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenanceand high productivity.要维护超级市场的信誉,我们必须特别强调搞好售后服务。
In order to keep up the reputation ofa supermarket, we must lay specialstress on the importance of offeringgood follow-up service.上述译文中,原文的副词转换成形容词来修饰转换后的名词。
2.汉语动词转换成英语形容词汉语中一些表示心理状态的动词,如知觉、欲望等,译成英语是都可以转换成英语形容词,通常用“be+形容词”这样的结构来表达。
如:我完全意识到这项投资要冒险。
I’m well aware that this is a risky investment. 他甚至对最简单的事实都不知道。
He is ignorant of even the simplest facts.他读书时不加选择。
He is indiscriminate in reading.科学家们深信,所有物质都是不灭。
Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible。
这类词性转换的常用动词包括;关心to be concerned about 担心to be worried 怀疑to be doubtful确信to be certain 肯定to be sure 熟悉to be familiar with满足to be content with 不相信to be suspicious 不能信任to be unequal to焦虑to be anxious 高兴to be delighted 感激to be grateful担心to be afraid 讨厌to be resentful 无视to be ignorant直言to be frank 喜爱to be fond of3.汉语动词转换成英语介词或词短语因为英语的某些介词和介词词组有动词的功能,因此汉语的一些动词就可以转换成英语介词或介词词组,如:他们不顾一切艰难险阻,勇往直前。
They kept going forward courageously in spite of all dangers and difficulties.你是赞成还是反对这一提议? Are you for or against the proposal?大家都去度假了。
Everyone was away on holiday.我们收到十万元的货款后立即将货寄出We will forward the goods on remittance of 100,000yuan.4.汉语动词转换成英语副词汉语口语中的动词常可转换成英语副词,在句子中作表语或宾语补足语,这类副词常见的有in, out, over等。
例如:他把窗户打开,让新鲜空气进来。
He opened the window to let fresh air in.战争并未结束。
The war was not over.今天晚上演什么?What’s on tonight?让我进去。
Let me in.电视机还开着。
TheTV is still on.书快出版了。
That book would be out soon.二.汉语名词转换1.汉语名词转换成英语动词作汉译英时,有时将汉语名词转换英语动词,原来修饰名词的形容词也相应地转换成副词,例如:贵国人民的友好给我留下了很深的印象。
I was deeply impressed by the hospitality of your people.对人们最深沉的感情的关注,是他所有著作的特征。
An interest in people’sdeepest feelings characterizes all hiswritings.我们合作的基础是相互尊重,平等互利。
Our cooperation is based on mutual respect, equality and mutualinterests.随着战争的进行,他成了他们受挫的象征,成了一切坏事的化身。
As the war progressed, he wouldsymbolize their frustrations, theembodiment of all evils.2. 汉语的名词转换成英语的形容词英语的有些形容词加上定冠词the 就可变成名词,表示某一类人。
因此汉语的某些就词就可以用这种方式来表达。
此外,还可根据其他情况将一些汉语名词译成英语形容词。
例如:他们尽了最大努力帮助病号和伤员。
They did their best to help the sockand the wounded.他们很痛恨富人,热爱并保护穷人。
They hated the rich and loved andprotected the poor.这类例子还有:聋哑人the deaf anddumb,死者和伤者the dead and theinjured等。
他有口才,有风度,但是不诚实。
He is eloquent and elegant but not honest.三.汉语形容词转换1.汉语形容词转换成英语名词他的新书十分成功。
His new book is a great success.独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.我在想,为什么许多人对出国如此热衷。
I have always wondered at the passion many people have of going abroad.事实证明他的报告是客观准确。
The fact has proved objectivity and exactness of his report.2. 汉语形容词转换成英语动词这场演出使我们很愉快。
This performance pleased us very much.这个消息让我们有点沮丧。
The news depressed us a little.3. 汉语形容词转换成英语介词短语他不在那列火车上,我十分失望。
To my disappointment, he wasn’t on the train.房间里一片混乱。
Theroom is in great mess.他十分尴尬。
He was in great embarrassment.四.汉语副词转换汉译英中,有时将汉语副词转换成其他词类。
1汉语副词转换成英语名词他兴奋地接受了她的邀请。
He accepted her invitation with excitement.我们很高兴地看到,我国的造船工业正在蓬勃发展。
It is our great pleasure to note that our shipbuilding industry is developing vigorously.以上两个例句中,汉语的副词转换成了英语的名词。