凤阳野生丹参产地生态环境的初步调查高正良1,李廷春1,王世济1,汤志顺2　(1.安徽省农科院烟草研究所,安徽合肥230031;2.安徽省凤阳县中医院,安徽凤阳233100)摘要　[目的]为皖东野生丹参资源的开发利用、人工驯化及规范化栽培奠定基础。

[方法]目测皖东凤阳地区野生丹参植株的周边环境,分析野生丹参植株根际土壤的营养元素,同时了解凤阳县的气候情况,明确凤阳野生丹参生长的生态环境。

[结果]凤阳野生丹参主要分布在西部、南部及东部的低山残丘上,海拔为80～300m ,一般生长在阳光充足的林间空地上。

野生丹参生长的土壤有机质、水解氮含量较高,速效钾含量中等,速效磷含量极低,交换性镁含量较高,土壤微酸性至中性,凤阳县年平均气温14.8℃。

[结论]野生丹参耐瘠性强,对环境要求不严,在南暖温带向北亚热带过渡地带、微酸性至中性的土壤中都能很好生长。

关键词　凤阳;野生丹参;生态环境;调查中图分类号　S567.5+3 文献标识码　A 文章编号　0517-6611(2008)30-13123-02P reliminary I nvestigation on E cological E nvironm ent in P roducing A rea of Wild Salvia miltiorrhiza in F engyang G AO Zheng 2liang et al (T obacco Institute of Anhui Academ y of Agriculture Science ,H efei ,Anhui 230031)Abstract [Objective]T he study was to provide the basis for the developm ent and utilization ,artificial d om estication and standardized cultivation for w ild Salvia miltiorrhiza res ources in east Anhui.[M eth od]T he surrounding environm ent of w ild tiorrhiza plant in Fengyang area of east Anhui was deter 2m ined by visual m easurem ent m eth od ,the nutrient elem ents in rhizosphere s oil of w ild tiorrhiza plant was analyzed.T he clim atic situation in Fengyang C ounty was understand and the ecological environm ent for grow th of w ild tiorrhiza in Fengyang was identified.[Result ]In Fengyang ,the w ild tiorrhiza was m ianly distributed on hillsides in western ,n orthern and eastern w ith altitude of 80-300m.And it generally grows in open ground in forest w ith su fficient sunlight.In the s oil on which the w ild tiorrhiza was grown ,the content of organic and hydrolyzable nitrogen were higher ,that of available potassium was m edium ,that of available ph osph orus was extrem ely low ,that of exchangeable m agnesium was higher and the s oil was from weak acid to neutral.T he annual average tem perature in Fengyang was 14.8℃.[C onclusion]W ild tiorrhiz had strong resistance to barren and had n o strict requirem ent to environm ent.And it all could grow well b oth in the transition zone from s outh warm tem perate zone to n orth subtropical zone and in the s oil from weak acid to neutral.K ey w ords Fengyang ;W ild Salvia miltiorrhiza ;E cological environm ent ;Investigation基金项目　安徽省农科院重点及新兴学科培育项目“安徽省道地中药材资源利用研究”。

作者简介　高正良(1963-),男,安徽蚌埠人,研究员,从事烟草病虫害防治及药用植物资源利用研究。

收稿日期　2008208222 丹参系唇形科鼠尾草属植物,丹参(Salvia miltiorrhizaBunge )干燥根及根茎是我国沿用已久的传统中药之一。

始载于《神农本草经》,被列为上品,《本草纲目》中也有相关记载。

其根入药,性味苦,微寒,含丹参酮、丹参素、丹酚酸等药效成分,为强壮性通经剂,有祛瘀、生新、活血、调经等多种功效[1]。

现代医学也证明其有效成分有抗缺氧、护肝等功效。

丹参的生态适应性强[2],广泛分布于华北、华东、中南,西北、西南部分省区也有分布。

安徽皖东是丹参栽培与分布的重要地区[3],其栽培产品符合国家药典标准。

为挖掘和利用皖东野生丹参资源,笔者结合野生资源的采集,开展了皖东野生丹参生态环境的初步调查。

1　材料与方法1.1　生态环境的目测观察　通过对野生丹参植株周边环境进行目测观察,了解皖东凤阳地区野生丹参生长的生态环境。

1.2　土壤营养元素分析　通过G PS 定位采集野生丹参植株根际周围的土壤样品,对土壤样品进行营养元素分析,了解丹参野生植株土壤营养情况。

1.3　凤阳气候条件分析　抄取凤阳县1971～2000年30年气象资料,分析其降雨量、气温等资料,了解丹参野生条件下的气候条件。

2　结果与分析2.1　野生丹参的生长环境　通过初步调查,发现凤阳野生丹参主要分布在西部、南部及东部的低山残丘上,沿淮河平原未见分布。

海拔为80～300m ,一般生长在阳光充足,林木稀疏的林间空地上,与多种杂草混生,混生杂草以单子叶杂草为主,见图1、2。

野生株定位数据见表1。

表1　皖东凤阳野生丹参生境土样G PS 数据T ab le 1　The G PS d ata o f soil samp le in w ild Salvia miltiorrhiza h abitat inF engyang o f eastern A nhui样点S am ple point地点S ite经度E纬度N 海拔H ∥m01曹店Caodian 117°22.762′32°42.842′ 11202曹店Caodian 117°22.963′32°42.814′12703周圩Z h ouwei 117°30.589′32°43.077′25504宋集S ongji 117°30.162′32°43.262′14405宋集S ongji 117°33.529′32°42.226′12306宋集S ongji117°33.539′32°42.305′14507大洪山Dah ong M ountain 117°39.739′32°41.117′12408大洪山Dah ong M ountain 117°39.762′32°41.128′11809石门山Shim en M ountain 117°53.798′32°50.827′8010石门山Shim en M ountain117°53.814′32°50.808′802.2　皖东凤阳野生丹参的土壤特征分析　通过目测与化验分析,可以发现野生丹参的生长土壤为碎石混于其中的壤土,多为低山浅丘的山红土或丘陵岗地的山黄土。

由表2可见,野生丹参生长土壤的有机质、水解氮含量较高,速效钾含量中等,速效磷含量极低,交换性镁含量较高,土壤微酸性至中性,土壤较瘠薄。

2.3　凤阳气候条件　凤阳属皖东低山残丘区,属南暖温带向北亚热带过渡的湿润季风气候。

终年气候温和,四季分明,水热同季,干冷同期,无霜期较长。

由表3可见,年平均气温14.8℃,最热是7月份,平均为27.5℃,最冷是1月份,平均1.2℃,平均年较差26.3℃,无霜期平均212d ,大于10的积温在4516～4700h 。

安徽农业科学,Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.2008,36(30):13123-13124 责任编辑　王淼　责任校对　傅真治表2　皖东凤阳野生丹参生境土样营养状况T ab le 2　The nutritional situ ation o f soil samp le in w ild Salvia miltiorrhiza h abitat in F engyang o f eastern A nhui送样地点S am ple trans fer sitepH 值pH value 速效氮∥m g/kg Rapidly available N 速效磷∥m g/kg Rapidly available P 速效钾∥m g/kg Rapidly available K 有机质∥g/kgOrganic m atter交换性钙∥m g/kg E xchangeable Ca 交换性镁∥m g/kgE xchangeable M g1#曹店1#Caodian 7.3152.60 1.1 215.448.0 2012.0422.92#曹店2#Caodian 5.7208.00 3.9150.058.01649.3217.53#周圩3#Z h ouwei 5.5148.000.8106.541.51418.8104.54#宋集4#S ongji 5.9129.000.244.729.81493.0413.25#宋集5#S ongji 6.8100.200.8102.825.02022.0446.06#宋集6#S ongji 7.4127.000.1146.429.91705.4768.17#大洪山7.3104.600.1150.024.52124.2676.97#Dah ong M ountain 8#大洪山 6.7142.900.4102.830.61785.6232.18#Dah ong M ountain 9#石门山 5.4188.900.699.241.31148.3147.19#Shim en M ountain 10#石门山 5.3195.900.884.743.71288.6151.910#Shim en M ountain表3　皖东凤阳县1971～2000年气候情况T ab le 3　The clim atic situ ation o f F engyang Cou nty in eastern A nhui from1971to 2000月份M onth 气温∥℃T em perature最高H ighest 最低Lowest 平均Average 湿度∥%Hum idity 降雨∥m mPrecipitation日照时数∥hSunshine duration120.2-19.6　1.273　24.8146.8225.5-15.4 3.27335.6138.1330.2-6.68.17460.0159.7433.4-1.614.97356.9193.0537.2 5.220.47370.0214.7638.211.724.775142.2198.7740.816.927.582184.2213.4838.415.126.883133.0221.1937.68.022.18079.4180.31033.1-0.316.47658.6180.11129.5-9.09.57442.3165.91222.6-17.73.47117.8158.4图1　凤阳野生丹参生态环境Fig.1　Wild Salvia miltiorrhiza h abitat in F engyang3　讨论从野生丹参的生态环境分析可以看出,野生丹参对环境要求不严,在南暖温带向北亚热带过渡的地带,在微酸性至中性的土壤上都能很好的生长,耐瘠性强,皖东不少山岗薄地利于丹参生长。