主谓一致—关键：主语的单复数

主谓一致的关键问题是确定主语的数。 要把“主语”同“主语部分”
严 格分开，即确定主语的数的时候，要首先确定主语本身, 去除定语等附加 的部分。 1. 一般情况 1) 绝大多数可数名词单个作主语，以其词形决定主语的单、复数。 2) 不可数名词单个做主语为单数。 3) 表示抽象概念的短语做主语为单数： Training spacemen is not an easy task. “Senior citizens” means people over sixty.
主谓一致--复合主语的数的确定：关键的连接词

5
Neither Tom nor Jane has done it. 可变成： Tom hasn’t done it; neither has Jane. B. 但实际上，若构成复合主语的各成分均为单数，谓语动词也大多 使用复数： Neither he nor I were there. 4. 由not…but/ not only …but 连接的复合主语 根据临近吸引原 则, 谓语动词与其前面最临近的主语的数相一致： Not (only）my father, but all of us are looking forward to the guest. 5. 含有肯定和否定两部分的主语 谓语动词与肯定的主语一致： You, not I, are the right man to carry out the plan.
主谓一致—不定代词做主语数的确定

4

2) 习惯用法 当of后接复数名/代词时，谓语动词用复数: Neither of them know the truth. 4. anyone/anybody 1) 指个体时，谓语动词用单数： Has anyone a dictionary he can lend me? 2) 指“全部、无一例外”时，anyone/anybody谓语动词用复数,在
主谓一致—不定代词做主语数的确定


3



2. no one 1) 正式用法 谓语动词用单数： Nobody likes to be deceived. 2) 非正式/习惯用法 在临近吸引原则的影响下，谓语动词可用复数: Nobody, not even their teachers, were listening to the speech. 3) 在附加问句中 A. 指某一特定整体中的每一个对象，谓语动词用单数： Nobody likes to be deceived, doesn’t he? B. 对整体否定，谓语动词用复数, 附加问句的主语相应地也用复数： Nobody has called while I have been out, haven’t they? 3. either/neither 1) 均指“二者之一”（包括两个复数名词构成的二者） 谓语动词用单 数： Either of them has told me.
主谓一致—不定代词做主语数的确定

2


C. 反意问句的附加问句中，指每一个体，谓语动词用单数： Each of the students has new book, hasn’t he? D. 反意问句的附加问句中，指整体，谓语动词用复数： Each of the students has new book, haven’t they? 1. none 1) 指总量，与不可数名词连用，谓语动词用单数： None of the food was wasted. 2) 指数目，与可数名词连用。 A. 正式用法 根据语法一致的原则，谓语动词用单数： None of the suggestions was accepted. B. 非正式/习惯用法 根据临近吸引原则和意义一致的原则，谓语动 词用复数: None of the suggestions were accepted.
主谓一致--复合主语的数的确定：关键的连接词


6


6. 含有“准连接词”的主语 准连接词，即with/ together with/ along with, as well as/ as much as, rather than/ no less than, but/except, unlike, including。 1） 规范用法 谓语与准连接词前面的主语保持一致: Nothing but stamps and envelops is for sale. 2） 口语用法 准连接词起作用与介词类似，将其后的成分与主语 隔开，含义与and相近，根据意义一致的原则，即使主语是单 数，也可以用复数动词: My brother with his wife, both looking very sad, were/was drinking at the bar. 7. 例外情况 1) 由and连接的复合主语 均使用复数动词, 而非总是遵循临近吸引原 则 : My sister and I are/am fully aware. 2）由either…or/ neither… nor连接的复合主语用单、复数均可： Neither he nor I am/are fully aware.
主谓一致—不定代词做主语数的确定

1
不定代词做主语数的确定 1. each 1）名词性 谓语动词总用单数： Each has his own idea on the subject. 2）做同位语 谓语动词用复数： The students each have a new book. The boys and the girls each want to do something different. 3) each of+复数名词 A. each表示整体中每一个个体，谓语动词用单数： Each of the soldiers has been given a gun. B. 由于临近吸引原则的作用，谓语动词也可用复数： Each of the soldiers have been given a gun.


主谓一致--复合主语的数的确定：关键的连接词

1
1. 非同位语/同位语等立关系的确定



1）由定冠词/物主代词确定非同位语/同位语等立关系 A. 非同位语等立关系 若定冠词分别出现在在各等立成分前，则 复合谓语的各成分间是非同位语等立关系，各等立成分别指不 同对象，谓语动词为复数： The teacher and the writer are kind men. B. 同位语等立关系 若定冠词只出现在第一个成分前，则是同位 语等立关系，各等立成分指的是同一对象，谓语动词为单数： The teacher and writer is a kind man. 2) 由上下文确定非同位语/同位语等立关系 由两个或多个抽象名词 构成的复合谓语，由上下文确定非同位语/同位语等立关系： Your fairness and impartiality has/have been much appreciated. 在无确定的上下文的情况下，has/have都是可能的。
主谓一致--复合主语的数的确定：关键的连接词

2





2. 由and连接的复合主语。 1）非同位语等立关系主语---复数 A. 由and连接的几个不同人、事物： John and Mary are ready. (=John is ready. Mary is ready.) B. 被由and连接的并列定语所修饰的一个单数名词 .： The red and the white rose are beautiful. (=The red rose is beautiful. The white rose is beautiful) C. 被由and连接的并列定语所修饰的一个不可数名词： Chinese and Japanese silk are much better than Italian. (=Chinese silk is much better than Italian. Japanese silk is much better than Italian.)
主谓一致--复合主语的数的确定：关键的连接词

4



C. 所连接的成分在数上不一致，则用下列三种方法使其主谓取得 一致。 a. 根据临近吸引原则 谓语动词与其前面最临近的词的数相 一致： One or two friends are coming tonight. b. 使用无词形变化的助动词代替有词形变化的动词： The mother or the children must/will leave at once. c. 改变句子结构和词序，并作必要的省略： Is the child or the parents to blame?可变成： Is the child to blame, or the parents？ 2）否定的选择性复合主语 A. 与肯定的选择性复合主语原则相同： Neither Tom nor Jane has done it. The teacher nor the students are to blame for this.
主谓一致—由来和基本原则

2
2) 复数主语采用单数谓语动词：The works was built in 1970. （works作factory解时为单、复数同形。） 3) 同一词做主语，分别采用单数或复数谓语动词： All possible means have been adopted. Every means has been tried. 3. 临近吸引原则 谓语动词根据其前面最临近的名/代词的数的形式， 而非真正主语的数来决定其自身的单、复数： No one except his own supporters agree with him.