1.礼貌中的中西方“面子文化”差异The Analysis of the Cultural Differences in Chinese and Western Face Theory【关键词】礼貌; 面子; 文化差异; 交际;【英文关键词】Politeness; Face; Cultural differences; Communication摘要】礼貌是一种社会现象,为各社会群体所共有,但它又是一种个性化的交际策略,随着不同语言群体的不同文化背景而有所不同。
面子论,作为礼貌原则中的重要理论,在中西方情境中存在着许多差异。
本文主要从文化等方面来探究其中西方面子的差异及其成因。
【英文摘要】As a social phenomenon,politeness is universal.In different Chinese and western cultural contexts,the ways of face perception and expression are also different and the root causes behind the cross-cultural divergences lie in many aspects,especially in culture.2.面子:中西文化差异探讨An Exploration of Face in Chinese and Western Cultures面子理论; 积极面子; 消极面子; 言语行为;【英文关键词】Face Theory; positive face; negative face; speech acts;【摘要】Brown和Levinson的面子理论是用于论述和解释礼貌现象的一种颇具影响力的理论。
但该理论是建立在西方文化基础上的,因此,对于其跨文化普遍性问题,中外许多学者提出了不少质疑。
在中西方文化中,“面子”具有不同的文化特征。
探讨和对比不同文化背景下的言语行为中体现出的面子差异有助于消除人们在交往中的障碍,从而有效促进跨文化交际。
【英文摘要】Brown & Levinson s Face Theory,as an influential theory in expounding the phenomenon of politeness,is founded on the basis of Western cultures.Therefore,its intercultural universality has been questioned by many scholars at home and abroad.The conception of “face” has different cultural features in Chinese and Western cultures.The exploration of these features embedded in speech acts of different cultural backgrounds helps to clear away the communicative obstacles in people s communication and facilitates t...【参考文献】[1] 黄永红. 对言语行为“道歉”的跨文化研究[J]. 解放军外国语学院学报, 2001,(05) .[1] Blum-kulka,Olshtain. Requests and Apolo-gies:A Cross-cultural Study of Speech-act Realization Patterns(CSARP) .Applied Linguistics, 1984, 5 :196～213 .[2] Brown,R,A.Gilman. The pronouns of power and solidarity .Giglioli,P.(ed.). Language and Social con-text. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972, .[3] Brown,P,&S.Levinson. Politeness:Some Univer-sals in Language Usage .Cambridge University Press, 1987, .[4] Hall,E.T. Beyond Culture .New York: Doubleday&Company, 1976, .[5] Mao,L.M.R. Beyond politeness theory:“…Face‟revisited and renewed” .Journal ofPragmatics. 1994, V21 .[6] Scollon,R.,&S.W.Scollon. Intercultural Commu-nication .Blackwell, 1995, .[7] Trosberg,A. Apology Strategies in Natives/non-natives .Journal ofPragmatics. 1987, 11 :147～167 .3.中西“面子”差异探析Analysis of differences between Chinese "Mian Zi" and western "Face theory"【关键词】面子论; 面子; 中西方文化; 个人主义; 集体主义;【英文关键词】face theory; face; Chinese and western cultures; individualism; collectivism;【摘要】继Grice的合作原则之后,Brown和Levinson提出了"面子理论"(Face Management View),它是用于论述和解释礼貌现象的一个颇具影响力的理论。
作为礼貌理论之一的面子论在中西方情境中存在着许多差异。
探究其差异之成因,涉及到历史文化等多方面。
【英文摘要】Following Grice s Cooperative Principle,Brown and Levison put forward the Face Management View.It is the influential theory used to deeply illustrate the politeness phenomenon.Due to the differences between Chinese and western cultures,"Mian Zi" and "Face" have respective implicatures.Therefore,we have to consider the historical and cultural factors in order to research into the reasons of their implicatures.【参考文献】[1] 萧丽艳. “面子”在中国“礼”文化和西方文化中的对比[J]. 井冈山师范学院学报, 2004,(01) .[2] 周桔. 中西方面子观差异及成因初探[J]. 江苏广播电视大学学报, 2003,(04) .[1] Ron Scollon,Suzanne Wong Scollon. Intercultural Communi-cation:A Discourse Approach[M] .Foreign Language Teach-ing and Research Press, 2004, (2) .[2] Brown,G,Levinson,S. Some universals of language usage:politeness phenomena[M] .Combridge University Press, 1978, .4.中西文化中的“面子”问题“Face” in Chinese and Western Culture【关键词】面子论; 正面面子; 负面面子;【英文关键词】the face theory; positive face; negative face;【摘要】面子是每个社会成员想为自己争取的公开的自我形象。
在中西两种文化当中存在着“面子观念”上的差异,从而导致使用礼貌策略上的不同选择。
【英文摘要】"Face"is the public self-image every member of a society wants to gain for himself. There are differences in the concept of "face" between Chinese and Western cultures which lead to the different choices of politeness strategies.【参考文献】[1] 顾曰国. 礼貌、语用与文化[J]. 外语教学与研究, 1992,(04) .[2] 李军,宋燕妮. 面子理论在汉文化中的考察[J]. 修辞学习, 2004,(02) .5.浅析中西方面子观的差异A Brief Discussion on the Difference of Face Perception in Western and Chinese Culture【关键词】面子观; 礼貌; 差异;【英文关键词】face perception; politeness; difference;【摘要】礼貌是人类文明的一种标志,是所有文明社会的特征。
中西方文化的不同导致了人们对于礼貌认识的不同。
作为礼貌理论之一的面子观在中西方不同的文化背景下存在着差异。
中西方面子观的不同体现了不同的社会关系和思维模式。
作为中国人,从西方面子观中取长补短、求同存异是十分必要的。
【英文摘要】Politeness is a symbol of human civilization and the feature of all the civilized society.The difference between western and Chinese culture leads to the different realization on politeness.As one theory of politeness principle,face perception is different under the different cu lture‟s affection of China and the western countries.The difference of face perception between the western countries and China shows different social relations and mode of thinking.As a Chinese,it is necessary to seek common points a...【参考文献】[1] 周文博. 中西礼貌原则对比分析[J]. 黑龙江教育学院学报, 2007,(10) .[2] 陆欣. 中西方面子观之差异研究[J]. 继续教育研究, 2009,(05) .[3] 王敏. “面子”现象的跨文化分析[J]. 文教资料, 2008,(29) .[1] Hu HC. The Chinese concepts of face .American Anthropologist, 1944, 46(1) :45-64 .[2] Goffman Erving. On Face-work : an Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction .Psychiatry, 1955, 18 (3) :213-231 .。