托福写作同义词替换词(全)同义词替换词国内考生常用的表达更得分的表达方式名词1 things that one tries hardto do one's undertakings/ one's commitments2 The fact is that…The reality is that…3 joy happiness/ delight/ enjoyment4 sadness sorrow/ grief5 danger hazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般) [派生] dangerous；hazardous6 education ≈schooling （指学校教育，家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting）[区分]家庭教育的两个词upbringing是从孩子的角度说的，比如children's upbringing；而parenting是从家长的角度来说，比如sensible parenting.7 advertisement/advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。

其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化，比如commercials（电视或者互联网上的广告），flyers（传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是“135****，办证”），billboards（大幅的广告牌）或者non-profitadvertisements=public-interestadvertisements （公益广告）8 car Automobile9 economic crisis economic meltdown（很接近）/recession（这个一般仅仅还是衰退）/the Great Depression （这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了）10 famous people celebrities（单数为celebrity）11 human beings（备考生使用过多）humanity（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科）/the human race12 wealth fortune(s) （fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数）13 [相关] rich wealthy/ affluent (adj.)14 skill ≈technique(注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技)15 [派生] skilled adept/ adroit (adj.)16 method methodology (国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是method的故作高深版）17 field sphere/ domain/ arena18 understanding of ≈grasp of/ command of19 choice Option20 cooperation ≈collaboration21 basic structure in a cityor a country Infrastructure22 tiredness for a long time Fatigue23 is a must of is a prerequisite for （是……的必备先决条件）24 the Internet ≈the information highway(一篇考生作文里Internet被使用十几次是常事儿)25 honesty ≈integrity26 strong belief faith (in)27 aim Intention28 worries anxieties (是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）29 influence impact/ repercussion/ implication30 influence on each other mutual influence（类似的表达还有mutual respect, mutual trust和mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and B31 many different kindsof…a variety of…/ a wide array of…/ a w ideran ge of…32 wrong ideas held bymany people Misconceptions33 fame prestige/ sterling reputation34 range ≈spectrum35 sense ≈ recognition36 part component （这个词不仅指零件，在学术写作中也经常指“部分”）37 wise [相关] sensible (adj.)38 gap Disparity39 a system for a particularpurpose ≈a mechanism for…40 a solution to sth. a remedy for sth. （生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）41 bad students≈ unruly students/ disruptive students 42 bad behavior unethical behavior/ immoral behavior74 enemy ≈opponent/ foe75 narrow minds insular minds （狭隘的头脑或者观念）76 a way to do sth. an approach to doing sth./ an avenue towards sth.77 hobby ≈pastime/ diversion78 progress progression （经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于society/ career/ technology的话题）79 failure setback（注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）80 importance significance（当你用了一次importance之后，第二次不妨用这个）81 duty obligation（用于比较重要的责任）82 difficulty hindrance/ impediment/ hurd les83 pressure from yourclassmates peer pressure84 citizens who can work labor force/ workforce（都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）85 problems or diseases thatexist for a long time persistent problems/ chronic diseases86 a life without regularexercise a sedentary lifestyle87 resultconsequence （表示消极的结果更多一些）88 thoughts ≈ considerations89 the lack of knowledge ignorance （注意在地道英文里，这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）90 harm (n.) adverse effect91 harm (vt.) damage destroy/ ruin （这两个词比damage 程度更重）spoil（后面跟the cityscape/ scenery/ environment）undermine （后面跟抽象概念，比如stability/ social order/ harmony）jeopardize （后面跟抽象概念，比如one's future/ one's career）tarnish （后面跟one's reputation/ image）sap/ dampen （后面跟one's enthusiasm/ interest/ confidence）92 [派生] harmful detrimenta l (adj.)93 [派生] be harmful to ≈pose a threat to94 bad luck Misfortune95 trouble adversity/ dilemma/ predicament/ hardship96 crime offense/ criminal act97 youth crime ≈ juvenile delinquency98 criminal offender/ ≈culprit/ ≈perpetrator99 serious crime heinous crime/ felony100 a minor crime a misdemeanor101 shortage (of) scarcity (of)/ dearth (of)102 the only one an exception103 places where animals live Habitat形容词104 worrying ≈disturbing105 very popular prevalent/ ubiquitous106 TRUE genuine (truly a genuinely)107 deep profound （深刻的，后面经常跟wisdom/ truths/understanding/ impact/ thoughts）108 strong powerful/ mighty109 weak ≈ vulnerable110 hard-working industrious（注意不是industrial，而diligent那个词在美语中是个挺大的词）111 very disappointing Lamentable可悲的/ pathetic112 be good (for)be beneficial (to) = be in the best interests (of) 113 be not as good as be inferior to114 be better than be superior to115 uninteresting mundane （注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并不是“世俗的”意思/humdrum116 many numerous（注意要跟可数名词）117 complicated Intricate118 strange odd/ bizarre/ eccentric（单weird有点过于口语化了）119 cannot be turnedback be irreversible120 produce usefulresults Productive121 practical ≈ realistic122 mature sophisticated （这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的）123 selfish self-centered/ materialistic/ego-centric 124 proud （贬义）Conceited125 suitable Fitting126 most suitable Optimal127 lonely isolated/ alienated128 alone Solitary129 be easily influencedby sth.be susceptible to sth. （一般是坏事情，比如adisease/ attacks）130 is better than is superior to 131 not as good as…is inferior to132 be the same be identical/ be homogenous/ be uniform（后面两个词比较正式，一般是说cultural globalization的时候常用，现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫school uniforms了吧，就是让大家都看起来一样的衣服）133 interesting ≈stimulating134 boring ≈ monotonous/ repetitive 135 useless Redundant136 smart Intelligent137 famous Renowned138 positive ≈ desirable/ encouraging 139 happy Delighted140 enjoyable Delightful141 can be used be available142 hard to understand bewildering/ baffling/ confusing143 (laws/ rules/ people)not strict Lenient144 healthy wholesome（注意说人的健康还是要用healthy，但是如果说事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome）145 good for theenvrionmenteco-friendly（比如Biking is far moreeco-friendly than driving their SUVs.）146 nervous/ anxious ≈ apprehensive147 doubt sth. be skeptical about sth.148 fair ≈justified149 unfair ≈ unwarranted/ unjustifiable150 huge enormous/ massive/ vast/ colossal151 small tiny/ miniscule（后面一般跟抽象名词）152 have many differentabilities be versatile/ be well-rounded153 be familiar with be well-acquainted with154 very successful/admirable Distinguished155 proper Appropriate156 typical quintessential （这个语气非常强）157 exact precise/ ≈accurate158 ugly Unsightly159 poor-quality substandard (housing/ accommodation/ work/ goods/ machines)160 the present…the current…/ the existing…（比如the current financial crisis/ the existing environmental problems)161 outdated antiquated/ obsolete162 highly-respected Esteemed163 complete(adj.)/ whole Entire164 spend a lot of money lead an extravagant/ a lavish life165 open enlightened/ progressive （开明的，逐步的，经常用来形容govern-ment 或者society）166 sth. must be carriedout sth. is compulsory/ sth. is mandatory167 with long history time-honored（后面经常跟抽象名词，比如tradition/ practice/ methods/ heritage）168 continuing forever Perpetual169 important significant essential vital(这三个词的重要性依次递增)170 very attractive very appealing/ fascinating/ captivating 171 very careful Cautious172 be very interested in be absorbed in/ be engrossed in173 be qualified for be eligible for174 disappointing Frustrating175 wrong Erroneous176 long and a bitannoying Lengthy177 very difficult daunting/ formidable178 being spread inuncontrolled wayrampant （后面经常跟负面现象，比如crime,pollution 或者discrimination）179 cruel ≈ inhumane/ merciless180 fatoverweight/ obese（后面这个已经胖出病了）181 having wrongopinionsskewed/ biased （这两个词一般在IELTS媒体类话题使用，表示“有偏见的”）182 including manythings comprehensive （综合的，全面的）183 enough adequate/ sufficient/ ample/ abundant（注意这四个词的语气是逐渐递增的)184 too much Excessive185 very little minimal （注意不是minimum）186 cause bad effects counterproductive （其实地道英文写作里这个词不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都可以写它counterproductive)187 strict stringent （后面一般跟laws, measures或者rules）188 urgent pressing (problems)189 quiet tranquil and serene （美语中这两个词经常可以连在一起用）动词190 make sth. strongstrengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth. 191 make sth. weak weaken/ erode （侵蚀）192 make sth. better enhance/ better（很少看到国内考生用better当动词，其实在学术写作中better sth.是挺常见的表达）193 make sth. worse aggravate/ exacerbate sth.194 control…(a negativetrend) curb…(crime/ pollution/ economic recessions)195 stop Cease196 manage sth. ≈ regulate sth./oversee sth.197 appear emerge/ arise （后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如debate）198 die out go extinct199 fail to see neglect/ overlook200 set…free release (prisoners/ stress)201 begin commence/ initiate (后者跟抽象概念更多，比如initiate the conflict)202 narrow/ bridge thegap between A andB(注意这里bridge作动词）[反义] widen the gap between A and B203 be forced to do sth. be compelled to do sth.204 keep complainingabout sth. grumble about sth.205 try hard to do sth. ≈pursue sth.(one's goal/one's career/ businessinterests/ maximum profit/ hegemony)206 do sth. ≈ perform/ conduct （注意这里的perform不是“表演”而是“从事”）207 do not do sth. refrain from doing sth.208 carry out Implement209 turn…into…convert…to/ into…210 decrease decline/ dwindle（特指逐渐缓慢的减少）/ dip/slip (后两个词用来指短促的下降)211 make a crime commit a crime（注意作文中不要用make a crime这样不地道的英文）212 commit a crime againrevert to crime （这里的crime作不可数名词）213 punish Penalize214 [派生]punishment Penalty215 spread propagate/ disseminate （这两个词后面经常跟information/ ideas/ belief这类名词）216 develop fast flourish/ thrive217 develop （这里作“培养”的意思cultivate/ foster/ nurture（这三个词后面经常跟和教育有关的名词，比如an interest in socialissues）218 [相关]fast-developing Burgeoning219 accept adopt（注意这个词不是adapt适应，而是接纳，采纳的意思）220 build Construct221 gather garner，但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义，比如garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagen222 measure gauge, 比measure稍正式一点223 teach sth. ≈impart sth./ inculcate sth.（注意如果teach后面是人则不要替换）224 start initiate 多用于政府类话题225 support espouse，后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词champion（作动词不是冠军的意思了）和动词sanction（它作名词则变成了“制裁”）226 praise≈ compliment/ extol（后面这个语气很强）227 support ≈ buttress/ bolster228 prove/ confirm Verify229 create generate（一般是大规模的产生，比如generate employment opportunities/ generate tax revenue/ electricity) breed（一般是产生消极的东西，比如conflict/ crime/ resentment）spawn （一般是产生新事物，比如spawn inventions/ innovations）230 use ≈ utilize/exploit231 use…again Recycle232 work hard work assiduously233 get ≈ acquire（注意acquire/ gain knowledge比learn knowledge在地道英文中更加常见）234 consider contemplate/ reflect on/ ponder235 meet encounter，多用于政府，文化或者success这样偏大一些的话题236 provide sth. afford sth. （在正式英文写作中，afford经常可以表示“提供”237 need require（注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need，但如果主语是事物，则可以改用require）238 like sth. very much ≈ have an affinity for sth./ have a strong attachment to sth.239 be unhappy aboutcomplain about (v.)/ be discontended with (adj.) 240 ask for Request241 raise elevate，就是正式版的raise，但只是“提高”而不能表示抚养小孩的意思242 look like sth. resemble sth.243 treat…poorly mistreat…/ abuse…244 consider sth. valuable value sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth.245 keep ≈maintain/ preserve（这个词后面经常跟traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources等）246 mix… together blend/ combine/ synthesize 247 solve tackle/ combat/ address 248 notice Discern249 understand… tomean…/ to be…interpret…as…（很多时候这个词并不是口译，而是把…理解为……）250 choose sth./ choose todo sth. opt for sth./ opt to do sth.251 achieve fulfill (one's dream/ one's goal/ one's potential/one's obligation/ one's promise/ one's task)252 appear in largenumbers sprout up/ mushroom253 make… less serious relieve/ ease/ alleviate（作文中经常用到的搭配有relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the traffic congestion等）254 pay…for (one's loss)compensate…for…255 pay…for (one'seffort) reward…for…256 make sth. faster accelerate sth./ speed up sth. 257 join participate in258 outweight prevail over（大家应该已经注意到了，新托福议论文的题目中经常出现outweight这个词用来比较事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇）259 contribute to promote/ facilitate（这两个词都是及物动词，所以不需要跟to）260 prevent thedeve lopment of…hinder/impede/ inhibit/ o bstruct…261 find out ≈ identify262 encourage sb. to…≈motivate sb. to…263 like sth. very much adore sth.264 dislike sth. very much abhor/ detest/ loathe265 hate resent/ hold a grudge against266 limit restrict/ constrain267 avoid ≈bypass/ eschew/ shun268 is not limited to…is not restricted to…/ is not confined to…（经常用来描述一个trend不仅限于某个范围）269 be so surprised be astonished/ be astounded/ be startled270 decide Determine271 move to…relocate to…/ have been relocated to…272 come from…orig inate from/ in…273 improve boost/ enhance（比如boost solidarity增进团结/enhance productivity提高生产率）274 waste use… lavishly275 attack assail （语气更强烈）276 reduce curtail（多用于政府投资类话题）/diminish（多用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题）277 increase augment（多用于政府投资类话题）278 help Assist279 help (n.) Assistance280 set up Establish281 try to do sth. attempt to do sth.282 try hard to do sth. make a strenuous/ an arduous/ a painstaking effort to do sth.283 change Alter284 change… a lot fundam entally change…/ radically change…/ t ransform…285 solve address/ combat286 correct (vt.) rectify (a mistake)287 take downdemolish/ raze（谈到拆老建筑的时候常用）288 Obey abide by/ comply with/ conform to (后面跟the law/ rules/ regulations等）289 Ban ban… altogether/ strictly prohibit…290 criticize condemn/ denounce（这两个词一般用于政府类话题，但不要用在教育类）291 increase show an upward trend/ be on the rise反义：show a downward trend292 depend on hinge on= be contingent on（意思是：取决于……）293 depend on rely on（意思是：依靠……）294 deal with cope with295 do one's best to dosth.commit oneself to doing sth./ strive to do sth./ doone's utmost to do sth./ spare no effort to do sth.296 use up exhaust (energy/ resources)/ stretch (resources) to the limit297 report the details ofsth. report sth. In graphic detail298 prevent sb. fromfocusing on…distract sb. from…299 spend A on B ≈dedicate A to B 300 use too much…stretch… to the limit/ put a strain on…301 pour discharge（排放，环境类话题常用，比如discharge chemical waste into rivers, streams and lakes）302 get used to get accustomed to303 die out go extinct304 continue to exist Persist305 come with…be attended by / be accompanied by…306 broaden one'shorizonsexpand one's outlook/ enlarge one's vision(broaden one's horizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多惨遭贬值)307 break the law violate the law 308 put sb. In prison incarcerate sb. 309 make laws against…legislate against…310 [相关]law legislation (名词，注意law在特指具体的法律时可以用复数，但是legislation不能用复数）311 make sth. active stimulate （后面经常跟imagination/ creativity/interest/ economic growth等词汇）312 make one's dreamcome true fulfill one's potential/ attain one's goal313 have the right to dosth. be entitled to do sth.314 lead to change in act as a catalyst for change in…315 stick to adhere to/ cling to （注意后面这个有时候略带贬义）316 deal with the need meet the demand/ satisfy the need317 take… away from sb.deprive sb. of…（省略号中可以填入freedom/leisure time/ the right to等值得拥有的内容) 318 give sb. the ability to enable sb. to319 get a clear idea of get a clear perspective of320 be lost go astray（作文中如果写青少年“误入歧途”，就不要再写get lost)321 spend too much timeonbe addicted to/ be preoccupied with/ be obsessedwith (这三个词组的语气越来越强)322 prepare for…pave the way for…/ lay the groundwork for…/lay a solid foundation for…（为……打好基础）323 break the balance upset the balance324 balance A and B strike a balance between A and B (在A 和B之间争取一种平衡)325 catch capture326 think of… as regard…as/ view…as/perceive…as 327 get rid of eliminate/ remove328 get rid of abolish（多用于政府类话题，废除）329 make… h igher drive up（后面经常跟the crime rate/ unemployment rate）副词330 more and more +adj. Increasingly +adj. 但要注意如果后面不是adj. 而是noun, 那么就可以用an increasing number of （跟可数名词）/ an increasing amount of（跟不可数名词）来代替331 mainly primarily/ principally/ chiefly332 In the old days,…Traditionally,…/ Historically,…333 now ≈ currently334 Actually,…≈ Technically,…（严格来说它的意思并不是“事实上”，但在学术写作中它是一个表示“精确地说”非常帮的词语）335 very soon immediately 336 not often at all rarely337 completely entirely338 do sth. withoutcareful thought do sth. Impulsively339 blindly indiscriminately（不加选择的）/mechanically（机械的）340 only ≈ merely （注意只有a little/ a bit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换）341 a little/ a bit somewhat (注意只有a little/ a bit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换)342 mainly primarily/ principally/ chiefly短语或句型343 about regarding/ concerning/ with respect to/ with regard to344 before…prior to…345 a few a handful of (请注意仅指少数时a couple of容易被挑剔的考官判为过于口语化)346 Although…, the realsituation is…Hypothetically,…/ Theoretically,…/ In theory/Ideally,...→But in reali ty, …/ But inactuality,…/ But in practice,…(Ideally 指“理想化地说”)347 Most young people…Young people tend to…=Young people typically… (tend to 和typically都是表示某一类人多半会怎样做的常用表达）348 needs to be changed is crying out for reform（固定短语）349 be punished by thelaw be brought to justice350 do sth. together make a concerted effort to do sth.351 It is common for sb.to…It is standard practice for sb. to…352 is based on…is predicted on…353 have no choice butto…have no option but to…/ have no alternative butto…354 be worth the effort be worthwhile355 and so on etc.（前面可加逗号）356 become more than exceed/ surpass357 grow fast grow dramatically/ soar/ rocket358 fall fast fall drastically/ plunge/ plummet359 much higherconsiderably/ substantially/ significantly higher360 a little higher marginally higher/ slightly higher/ fractionally higher361 is closely connected is intrinsically linked to…362 through by way of (介词短语) 363 on the whole overall364 because of due to/ owing to（新托福作文中这两个词组后面经常是跟负面含义的名词）365 before (时间) prior to366 in this aspect in this regard/ in this respect (这里不是尊重的意思，而是指某方面)367 despite/ in spite of notwithstanding（请注意这三个词都是后面不惜紧跟名词或者名词短语，而不可以直接跟从句）368 in fact as a matter of fact ≈in essence/ essentially (inessence/ essentially 的意思是“本质上”）369 besides apart from370 about/ around approximately371 It is obvious that…It is evident that…372 sth. stops. sth. comes to a standstill373 be similar to…be akin to…(学术写作中相当常见的句型)374 A is as … as B B is … A is equally…375 It is impossible that…It is highly unlikely that…376 A has made B+adj./n. A has rendered B+adj./ n. （这里的宾语B 后面只能是跟形容词或者名词）377 A has made B do sth. A has promoted/ impelled sb. to do sth. （注意这两个词后面的宾语之后不能省略to）378 sth. does not alwaysremain the same.sth. is not carved in stone （某事物并非一成不变）379 A high percentageof…The proportion of… is very high. （……的比例很高）380 The cause of … is …can be attributed to/ can be ascribed to…（可以归因于……)381 no matter regardless of/ irrespective of（注意no matter后面一般跟从句，而regardless of和irrespective of 后面多数时候跟名词或者名词短语）382 talking about…/speaking ofin terms of… （经常用来限制一个命题的适用范围，比如In terms of culture, this city isfascinating. But in terms of traffic, it isinferior.）。