4) Authorial Ideology (AuI)作者意识形态 作者意识形态
The effect of the author’s specific mode of biographical insertion into GI. It is never to be treated in isolation from GI, but must be studied in its articulation with it. It is not a simply matter to specify the historical period to which a writer belongs; nor does a writer necessarily belong only to one ‘history’.
GI typically contains certain general elements or structures, which may at a particular historical stage bear significantly on the character of the LMP. Three general structures are linguistic, political, and the “cultural”. A literary text is related to GI not only by how it deploys language but by the particular language it deploys. Different LMPs may reproduce the same ideological formation. Conversely, the same LMP may reproduce mutually antagonistic ideological formations .
Part 2 伊格尔顿与意识形态 1.理论渊源 理论渊源
卢卡奇：使意识形态问题从单纯的认识论问题开始转变为阶级主体的自 我认识和自我塑造问题 葛兰西：西方革命的核心应是意识形态领导权的争取问题 法兰克福学派：“人的解放”过程主要就是对意识形态进行揭露与批判 阿尔都塞：意识形态是个体与其真实的生存状态的想象性关系的再现。 英国新左派和文化研究思潮：马克思主义哲学的主题围绕资本主义制度 的批判展开，并不要求变资本主义制度为社会主义制度
Relations of GMP and LMP
The forces of production of the LMP are naturally provided by the GMP itself, of which the LMP is a particular substructure. The relation between LMP and GMP are dialectical. The social relations of the LMP are determined by the social relations of GMP. The social relations of literary production which reproduce the social relations of “general” production is historically variable and determinate.
2) LMP
Literary mode of Production (LMP)文学生产方式 A unity of certain forces and social relations of literary production in a particular social formation. 文学生产力和社会关系在特定社会组合形态中的统一 Different or conflictual LMPs may coexist within a particular social formation.不同的或冲突性的文学生产方式
它包含审美的功能、意义、和价值的意识形态判断等
6) Text 文本
The product of a specific overdetermined
conjuncture of the elements or formations set out schematically above. 文本是上述各种因素在多元决定的状况之下进行生 产的产品。
可以共存于一个特定的社会形态
Ex. “oral” and “written” LMPs The internal complexity of LMP are constituted by production, distribution, exchange, and consumption, all of which will be function of its modes of articulation with other LMPs
Several Questions
Q1. What is the literary text? The text is a production of ideology.
文本是一种意识形态的生产
The relation between text and production is a relation of labour.文本和生产之间的关系是劳动关系 Ex. A dramatic production does not “express”, “reflect” or “reproduce” the dramatic text on which it is based.
伊格尔顿 的批评理论
Part 1 Part 2
生平简介 伊格尔顿与 意识形态 伊格尔顿与gleton（1943— （
British literary theorist widely regarded as Britain's most influential living literary critic. Eagleton grew up in a workingclass Irish Catholic family. He obtained both his M.A. and Ph.D. from Trinity College, Cambridge. Then spent some years at Oxford. He was Professor of Cultural Theory at the University of Manchester until he was forcibly retired in 2008.
3)General Ideology (GI)一般意识形态 一般意识形态
A dominant ideological formation produced by GMP. 是社会中用以维持社会结构的各种社会观念的整体，任何 社会形势都需要有自己的一般意识形态以维护其存在。
Relations of GI and LMP
Q2. In what sense is it correct to maintain that ideology, rather than history, is the object of the text? Ideology is not just the bad dream of the infrastructure (false consciousness). It is more like a mesh, which filters other real in order to present the real it carries Q3. For what would it mean to claim that a text was directly related to its history? A text may speak of real history, but even if it maintains empirical historical accuracy this is always a fictive treatment History “enters” the text precisely as ideology, as a presence determined and distorted by its measurable absences.
4.意识形态生产中的六个范畴 意识形态生产中的六个范畴 1) GMP
General mode of Production (GMP)一般生产方式 The dominant mode of a unity of certain forces and social relation of material production. 指一定社会中占主导地位社会物质生产方式，它不仅构 成社会存在的基础，而且是其他生产，特别是艺术生 产的前提。
3.意识形态的六大特征 .
统一性：意识形态赋予可能内涵巨大差异的群体或阶级 以一致性 行动取向性：意识形态是一整套以行动为取向的信念 合理化：意识形态是社会利益的合理化 合法化：意识形态是赋予统治以合法性的必要手段 普遍化：自身局部利益→所有阶级普遍利益， 暂时利益→永恒利益 自然化：意识形态将历史看成是“第二自然”。
Animal Farm
Animal Farm is not Orwell’s political advocate, rather, it is a product of the anti-soviet ideology. Moreover, being determined by this ideology, a pseudo-reality is created in Animal Farm to present an anti-utopian ideology.
2.伊格尔顿对意识形态的归纳 伊格尔顿对意识形态的归纳