Introduction to Base Oil基础油介绍Base oil is the name given to lubrication grade oils initially produced from refining crude oil (mineral base oil)or through chemical synthesis(synthetic base oil).Base oil is typically defined as oil with a boiling point range between550and1050F,consisting of hydrocarbons with18to40carbon atoms.This oil can be either paraffinic or naphthenic in nature depending on the chemical structure of the molecules.润滑油的基础原料被称为基础油，由原油精炼（矿物油）或是通过化学合成（合成油）而制得。
基础油是通常的沸点范围在550-1050华氏度（摄氏度约300-550）之间。
由18-40个碳原子的碳氢化合物组成。
依据自然的分子化学结构划分，它可以是石蜡基或环烷基。
Base stocks are classified into various grades including Neutral,Solvent Neutral,Bright Stocks,The most common names are for group I(SN:Solvent Neutral),for group II(N: Neutrals)and group III grade names refer to the viscosity(4cst,6cst,8cst…).基础油料分成各种不同类别，包括中性油，溶剂中性油，光亮油,大多数一类油以SN 命名，如150SN，500SN，以及150BS，二类油以N命名，如150N，500N,600N，三类油则按粘度命名：如4cst,6cst,8cst。
UNDERSTANDING BASE OIL认识基础油Base Oils基础油Lubricants have been around since ancient times.The Petroleum-based Lubricants business started in mid1800’s.The initial processing was limited to separation by boiling point. Most people know the key driver of the production for lubricants are Base Oils.润滑油大约始于古代。
石油类的润滑油贸易开始于19世界中期。
最初的通过沸点分离的处理方法是有限的。
大多数人都知道这一生产润滑油基础油的关键程序。
Mineral Base OilModern mineral base oils are the result of a long and complex distillation and refining processes.The feedstock used is crude oil.This substance is not of uniform quality but consists of several thousands of hydrocarbon compounds in which the elements carbon and hydrogen are present in all molecules and,in part,are bound to other elements.现代矿物基础油是一个漫长和复杂的蒸馏和精炼过程的结果。
它使用的原料是原油。
原油不是单一成份，而是由上千种碳氢化合物组合而成。
碳元素和氢元素存在于所有的分子之中，一部分与其它元素相结合。
The hydrocarbons can be divided into three main groups:paraffinic,naphthenic and aromatic.Paraffinic hydrocarbons can be further divided into two subgroups:normal paraffinic and iso-paraffinic.Paraffinic hydrocarbons are the best lubricants.The distillation process in the refineryseparates the hydrocarbons contained in the crude into cuts based on the molecule size.碳氢化合物可以分为三种主要的类型：烷烃，环烷烃，芳烃。
烷烃可以进一步分为正构烷烃和异构烷烃。
烷烃是最好的润滑组分。
炼厂的蒸馏过程以分子的尺寸为标准进行切割，使原油中包含的的不同碳氢化合物分离出来。
Furthermore,as many unwanted substances as possible are removed in the process,such as sulphur,aromatic hydrocarbons,paraffin wax,etc.In other words the mineral oil production process is physical cleaning and the end product is so-called paraffinic base oil.与此同时，在这个过程中，一些不需要的物质可能被去除掉，比如硫，芳烃，石蜡等等。
换句话说，矿物油生产过程是物理清理的过程，最终产品因此被称为石蜡基基础油。
Most of the hydrocarbons in the base oil are paraffinic,but it also contains naphthenic and aromatic molecules.When the finished lubricant,such as motor oil,is made of these,severaladditive compounds are used to improve the base oil properties.基础油中包含的碳氢化合物的部分为烷烃，但是也有环烷烃和芳烃分子。
当生产成品润滑油，如发动机油时，若干种复合添加剂被用来提高基础油的特性。
The final outcome can also be so-called naphthenic base oil,where most of the hydrocarbons are naphthenic.Their cold properties are excellent.如果基础油中大部分碳氢化合物是环烷烃时，基础油称为环烷基基础油，它具有完美低温性能。
TYPICAL PROPERTIES EACH BASE OIL GROUPS基础油的分类标准：Groups of Base oils基础油的类别There are five specific categories of base oils.These categories define the type of base stock the oil is formulated from.The categories are as follows..基础油有五种类别。
这些类别是以基础油原料的类型来规划的。
具体的类型如下：Note that the base oil group category is followed by the manufacturing method and then adescription of the oil characteristics for each category.注意：以下基础油的级别类型介绍先是生产方法，然后是每种类别的特性描述。
Group I-Group1base oils are the least refined of all the groups.They are usually a mix of different hydrocarbon chains with little or no uniformity.While some automotive oils on the market use Group I stocks,they are generally used in less demanding applications.I类油—I类基础油是精炼程度最低的。
通常不同碳链的混合物，不是或是很少是单一的成分组成。
尽管市场上一些发动机油还在使用I类基础油，但通常只有很多的市场需求。
Group I base stocks contain less than90percent saturates and/or greater than.03percent sulfur and have viscosity index greater than or equal to80and less than120.I类基础油饱合烃含量少于90%，含硫量大于0.03%，粘度指数在80-120之间。
Grades-SN150,SN500TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSGroup II-Group II base oils are common in mineral based motor oils currently availableon the market.They have fair to good performance in lubricating properties such as volatility, oxidative stability and flash/fire points.They have only fair performance in areas such as pour point;cold crank viscosity and extreme pressure wear.II类油--I I类基础油市场上现在比较常见，常被用于矿物基的发动机油。