中英思维方式对比
TL: When it gathers its wings full of exquisite patterns, it conceals its beautiful colors. When it flutters out from a cluster of blooming flowers and alights somewhere in the middle of its graceful flight, it turns into a dried leaf , not even of a withering yellow, but of a deathly grey.
③中国人的的伦理精神重视“群己合一”, 突出“群体”的人格,倡导集体主义,较轻 视个体的人格;而英美人注重个体的人格, 倡导个人主义。 如:SL: 个人主义 TL: individualism
重伦理思想观念体现在重宗族和宗族关系,重辈 分尊卑 宗教信仰: 东西方文化在宗教信仰与历史典故中, 存在着极大的差异. 西方人多信奉基督教, 认为上 帝创造一切, 宗教多有" 圣经" , " 洗礼" , " 修女" , " 教堂" , " 上帝" 等词汇. 而中国人信奉佛教, 道教, 多有" 玉帝" , " 观音" , " 菩萨" , " 佛主" , " 慈悲为 怀" 等宗教词汇. 在中国文化中, 历史典故丰富多彩, 如" 盘古开天" , " 牛郎织女" , " 项庄舞剑" , " 卧薪 尝胆" 等等. 在西方文化中, 许多历史典故来源于古 希腊和罗马神话及圣经故事.
中英思维方式对比
一、中国人注重伦理(ethics),英美人注重认知(cognition)
①儒家思想“关心的是人道,而非天道, 是人生之理,而非自然之性”;英美人对 天文地理有浓厚兴趣,从而形成了探求自 然奥秘,向自然索取的认知传统。 如: SL:顺其自然
TL:let nature take its course in accordance with its natural tendency
英词则不然。西方哲学主张“人物分立”,强调 客观,重形式论证与抽象思维。其反映在语言上, 则重形合,力求结构上的严谨,多长句和复杂句, 多用连词、介词等, 主语既可是人,也可是物。
三、中国人重直觉(intuition), 英美人重实证(evidence)
中国人:理解语言时突出“意”,力图领会 “言外之意”,不太重视对语言的科学分析;
英美人:重视理性知识,重视分析,主张通 过对大量实证的分析得出科学、客观的结论。
例如,They were beaten, refused anything to read. 误译:他们受到毒打,拒绝阅读任何书籍。 正译:他们受到毒打,不准阅读任何书籍。 例2:2004年中国发生了一系列的重大事件 译:2004 saw a series of great events happened in China.
我爱我的心上人,因为她那样地叫人入迷(enticing);我恨 我的心上人,因为她已订婚将作他人妻(engaged);她花容月貌 她的名字叫埃米莉(Emily),她的家就在东城里(east)。我为 我的心上人呀,一切都因为这个E!(陆乃圣)
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无可比拟( exquisite ),我劝她私奔跟我在一起( elopement );
我爱我的爱人,因为她很迷人;我恨我的爱人,因已许配他人; 他在我心中是美人,我带她私奔,以避开外人;她名叫虞美人, 是东方丽人。(姜秋霞、张柏然)
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I love my love with an E, because she's enticing; I hate her with an E, because she's engaged; I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement; her name's Emily, and she lives in the east. (Dickens, David Copperfield) 译文3:
我爱我的那个“丽”,可爱迷人有魅力;我恨我的那个 “丽”,要和他人结伉俪;她文雅大方又美丽,和我出逃去游
历; 她芳名就叫爱米丽,家住东方人俏丽。(马红军)
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I love my love with an E, because she's enticing; I hate her with an E, because she's engaged; I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement; her name's Emily, and she lives in the east. (Dickens, David Copperfield) 译文4:Fra bibliotek例句:
You are just a doubting Thomas. You won’t believe what I tell you. 译为: 你这个人真多疑, 我说什么你都 不信.
eg: Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay beings begin to breathe. 译为: 老师是创造的见证人, 目睹生命呼吸 成长.
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I love my love with an E, because she's enticing; I hate her with an E, because she's engaged; I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an e’lopement; her name's Emily, and she lives in the east. (Dickens, David Copperfield)
译文1:
我爱我的爱人为了一个 E ,因为她是 Enticing ( 迷人的 ) ;我 恨我的爱人为了一个 E, 因为她是 Engaged ( 订了婚的 ) 。我用我 的爱人象征 Exquisite ( 美妙 ) , 我劝我的爱人从事 Elopement (董秋斯)
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(私奔),她的名字是 Emily ( 爱弥丽 ) ,她的住处在 East ( 东方 ) 。
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汉语词义一般比较笼统,英语词义一般比 较具体. “胡子” full beard, circular beard, round beard shadow whiskers handlebars goatee tile beard military moustache stubble beard
②整体性思维还体现在汉语语法的隐含性, 句法的意合性及词义的笼统与模糊性上。 分析性思维则表现在英语语法的外显性, 句法的形合性及词义的具体性上。 例: SL:you are no more needed , so you can go now. TL:你可以走了,这里不需要你。
“一言而蔽之,东方文化体系的思维模式 是综合的(comprehensive),而西方则是分析的 (analytical)”。 -------季羡林 “东方和西方的思维方式从总体上看具有 不同的特征,如东方人偏重人文,注重伦 理、道德,西方人偏重自然,注重科学、 技术;东方人重悟性、直觉、意象,西方 人重理性、逻辑、实证……。” ------陈淑能
②中国人特别喜欢用具体形象词语比喻抽象的事 物,以物表感,状物言志。英美人常用抽象名词 指代具体事物。 例:中:脚踏实地
英:have a down-to-earth manner
③汉语的量词数量多、文化内涵丰富、生动形象; 而英文没有。
例:数词“一”, 一面镜子(a mirror) 一朵花(a flower)
Nobody could be too foolish this day. 误译:今天谁也不会太愚蠢" , 正译:今天, 无论你怎样出洋相, 都不算过分. It is impossible to overestimate the value of the invention. 误译:过高估计这项发明的价值是不可能的。 正译:这项发明的价值无论怎样估计也不会太高
②汉语中亲属称谓特别复杂;英语的亲属称谓 比较笼统。
如:SL:叔叔,伯伯,舅舅 “张明和李丹是表亲.张明的母亲是李丹的姑 母,李丹的母亲是张明的舅母.” Zhang Ming and Li Dan are cousins. Zhang Ming’s mother is Li Dan’s aunt who is the sister of Li Dan’s father, while Li Dan’s mother is Zhang Ming’s aunt who is the wife of Zhang Ming’s mother’s brother.
信写好了,但还没有发出去。 The letter finished, but it hasn’t sent.” The letter has been finished, but hasn’t been 车修好了 The car has been repaired. 碗洗好了 The bowls have been washed. 作业做完了 The homework has been finished.
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I love my love with an E, because she's enticing; I hate her with an E, because she's engaged; I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement; her name's Emily, and she lives in the east. (Dickens, David Copperfield) 译2 :