2 prep --v（含动作意味）(across, past, toward…)
Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a
huge building. 他们沿着大街走去，经过很多商店，穿过一个 大广场。 The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. 发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了上 这条路。 He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand. 他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。
Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are. 不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那 些可能比你更聪明的人。 Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laboratory equipment? 史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？
写作时过分使用名词，势必给动词增加太多的负担， 因而妨碍思路畅通。
B. The real shocker was that things dragged on well beyond the two weeks I had anticipated.
最令人吃惊的是，事情拖了两周，大 大超过我原来设想的时间。
b. Converting to noun
当英语动词的意义不易用汉语动词表达，或不能表达得很 准确时，可以把动词转译为名词。 1. v.---n. The book did not impress me at all. 那本书没留给我什么印象。 Harry aims to become a computer expert. 哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。 Your work is characterized by lack of attention to detail. 你工作的毛病是不注意细节。（粗心大意） The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms. 这台机器的重量是500公斤。
4 副词转译为动词（adv.---v.） What film will be on this evening? 今晚放映什么影片？ That book will be out pretty soon. 那本书不久就要出版了。 In those years the republicans were in. 那些年是共和党执政。 Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out. 安装双层窗御寒。 动名词转译成动词（gerund---v.） The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing. 这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。
形容词－>副词


This is sheer nonsense. 这完全是胡说。 Buckley was in a clear minority. 巴克利显然属于少数。 名词<－－－>副词 名词－>副词 The new mayor earned respect due to the courtesy of visiting the poor in the city. 新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。 副词－－名词 They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally. 但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得 好。
To be independent is an absolute necessity for young people. 独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的。 In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately. 在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重要。 With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion. 只要稍加修理，这台机器便可以运转。
A. Converting to verbs
Why /when/how Static vs dynamic; norminalization A.The doctor’s extremely quick arrivals and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. 医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康 复了。 The effect of the overuse of nouns in writing is the placing of too much strain upon the verbs and the resultant prevention of movement of the thought. One who overuses nouns in writing places too much strain upon the verbs and as a result prevents the thought from moving along
d 作为习语(较固定动词+n)主体的名词－> 动词
They took a final look at Mike,…… 他们最后看了麦克一眼，…… He has already made mention of the matter in his speech. 他在演讲中曾提到过这件事。
Litmus paper can be used as an indicator of the presence or not of acid in a solution.
石蕊试纸可用以测试溶液是否含酸
A. Converting to verbs
when and how: 1. n.---v. 英语中具有动作意义的名词，汉译时往往可转 化为动词。 They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。 He is an enemy to reform. 他反对改革。
When light falls on certain things, it bounces back, which we say the light is reflected. 光照到某种物体上会弹回来，这种情况我们称之为光受
到反射。
The youths always dream fondly of their future. 年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。 Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. 有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给 予了很高的评价。
Converting to verbs
a. Deverbative n (政论） Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English. 操作电脑需要一些英语知识。 b.名词（含动词意味）（记叙、描写） The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,我特别神往。 Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation. 国与国社会制度的不同bu应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。
Translation Techniques (2) Conversion of Part of Speech

Teaching contents A. Converting to verbs B. Converting to nouns C. Converting to other parts of speech
很多西方人/西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒。
C．Converting to other parts of speech
You are a greater blockhead than I had supposed you to be. 你比我所想象得要傻得多（n.—adj.） Our government shows great concern for the Chinese resident abroad. 我国政府十分关心海外华侨。 His address impressed me deeply. 他的讲话给我留下很深的印象。 From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy. 我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。
2. adj.---n. The day was cloudy but the sun was trying to come through. 天上有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。 Obedience is obligatory on a soldier. 服从命令是军人的天职。 Many Western people are religious.