学习动机 二语习得PPT
加强
巩固 强化
按照这种观点,任何学习行为都是为了某种报偿。因此,在学习活
动中、英语教学中,采取各种外部手段如奖赏、评分、竞赛等,可
以激发学生的学习动机,引起相应的学习行为。
Presentation:Motivation
2. Hierarchy of needs theory(Maslow's hierarchy of needs )
Student's motivation &English teaching
Group11:王晓敏,梁丹,郑贝贝
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Warming-up & Introduction Presentation Implications Limitaions
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What is motivation? What is your motivation to study?
Q:How to cultivate students' English learnig motivation?
Implications
ways to cultivate students' English learnig motivation
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Motivation in task-based learning
积极的归因模式:
成功 失败 能力和努力 缺少努力 自尊、自豪 增强成功期望 趋向成就任务 增强坚持性,趋向成 就任务
内疚,维持较高的成就期望
消极的归因模式: 成功
失败
运气
不在乎,很少增强对成功的期望 羞愧、无能感、沮丧, 降低对成功的期望
缺乏趋向成就任务的倾向
缺乏能力
缺少坚持性,回避成就任务
Presentation:Motivation
motivation in SLA(division)
Since
the late 1960s, motivation experts Gardner and Lambert's reaearch
From
social-psychology perspective
two kinds:
1. 2.
the most important one that determines a person’s internal desire to learn and use the language for certain purpose.
Attribution theory(归因理论)
美国心理学家伯纳德· 韦纳(B.Weiner,)认为,人们对行为成败原因的分析 可归纳为以下六个原因:能力,努力,任务难度,运气,身心状态,其他 因素。韦纳按各因素的性质,分别纳入以下三个向度之内:控制点(因素 源)、稳定性、可控性。韦纳等人认为,我们对成功和失败的解释会对 以后的行为产生重大的影响。如果把考试失败归因为缺乏能力,那么以 后的考试还会期望失败;如果把考试失败归因为运气不佳,那么以后的考 试就不大可能期望失败。这两种不同的归因会对生活产生重大的影响。
Presentation:Motivation
3. The learners' different needs: (1). to explore the needs of the outside world
(2). eager to learn the need of knowledge
(3). improve the ability of self needs (4). through a variety of test needs e.g. CET6,TEM4
①对成就的需要(成功的动机)
②在该项任务上将会成功的可能性 ③成功的诱因值。
阿特金森认为,成就动机涉及到对成功的期望和对失败的担心两者之间的情绪冲突。 追求成功的倾向 的决定因素:
(即成功的期望的决定因素)
决定对失败担心的因素: (即避免失败的倾向的因素)
①避免失败的动机也就是因失败而体验到的羞愧感的能量 ②失败的可能性 ③失败的消极心理
Integrative motivation(融入型学习动机)
instrumental motivation(工具型学习动 机)
motivation in SLA(division)
1. integrative motivation
based on interest in learning L2 because of ◎a desire to learn about or associate with who use it ◎an intention to participate or intigrate in the L2-using speech community p.s.In any case, emotional or affective factors are dominent.
Achievement motivation theory(成就动机理论)
成就动机的水平与完成学业任务的质与量紧密相关。高成就动机者 在没有外力控制的环境下仍能保持好的表现,在经历失败的过程中 ,高成就动机者在任务的坚持性上比低成就动机者强。另外,追求 成功者有很强的自信心,有高的成就动机水平和内归因。
5. Self-efficacy theory
Presentation:Motivation
1. Reinforcement theory(S-R theory)
Reinforcement theory 强化理论
学习动机的强化理论是由联结主义学习理论家提出来的,强化理论 也就是S-R理论,认为动机是由外部刺激引起的一种对行为的冲动力 量,强化可以使人在学习过程中增加某种反应重复可能性的力量。 与此相应,联结学习理论的中心是:刺激 联结 反应
Presentation:Motivation
Definition:
1.motivation: the internal motive and power to inspire people to act, it is a state of mind for individual to launch and maintain his action. 2.learning motivation in SLA: an internal process that gives behavior energy, direction and persistence in research
韦纳的归因理论的主要论点:
①人的个性差异和成败经验等影响着他的归因。 ②人对前次成就的归因将会影响到他对下一次成就 行为的期望、情绪和努力程度等。
③个人的期望、情绪和努力程度对成就行为有很大的 影响。
5. Self-efficacy theory(自我效能感理论)
自我效能感指人们对自己是否能够成功地进行某一成就行为的主观判断这一概 念是班杜拉最早提出的。班杜拉在他的动机理论中指出,人的行为受行为的结果 因素与先行因素的影响。行为的结果因素就是通常所说的强化,但他认为,在学 习中没有强化也能获得有关的信息,形成新的行为。而强化能激发和维持行为的 动机以控制和调节人的行为。 影响自我效能感形成的因素主要有:
motivation in SLA(division) 2. instrumental motivaion
refers to the learners who ◎treat the acquisition of a second language only as a means to achieve certain aims ◎does not have the interest or the environment to use his mother tongue for the interaction with others.
Presentation:Motivation
The relation between learning motivation and learning effect
Presentation:Motivation
the main factors related to learning motivation: 1. the strength of the motivation ◎motivation intensity => achieve the purpose => different levels of effort and SLA effect (individual differences)
=> predict the success of SLA
Presenta achievements ◎the result and motivation of language acquisition ◎ a causal relationship between motivation and learning achievement
video►
Introduction
student's motivation an important research topic in SLA
a key factor to the success of SLA
Among the factors that influence English lear ning, motivation makes up 33 percent. As long As there is learning motivation, anyone can leanr a language. - Gardner
Presentation:Motivation