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英语委婉语集合

1.和死有关的委婉语不管在哪种文化中,人们普遍忌讳的词之一就是“死”。

当人们不得不提到它时,往往使用一些比较委婉、不那么刺耳的说法来代替。

于是,出现大量关于死的委婉语。

比如:to go to the heaven (上天堂去了);to go to a better world(到极乐世界去了):to go to another world (到另一个世界去了);to pay one’s debt to nature (向大自然还债了);to pass away (去世了);to be gone (走了);to breathe one’s last (咽气了);等等。

死对人们来说是一种不愉快的事情,用委婉语在陈述这一事实时多数用了比喻的手段,表达了人们的良好愿望,要去天堂,要去极乐世界。

另外,认为死是一种解脱,受完了罪还完了债,一切就了结了。

2.和疾病有关的委婉语死亡意味着向生者告别,是一件悲哀的事,然而和死亡相比,一些疾病也令人难过。

因此,直接谈论这些事往往被视为粗鲁和没礼貌。

艾滋病在西方社会已变成一种非常普通的疾病而又苦于没有治愈方法和控制的有效措施,人们谈之色变而避之不及,因此艾滋病被冠以社会疾病(social disease)。

对难以医治的癌症(cancer)人们称之为绝症(terminal illness) 或仅用字母C 来替代。

其他疾病如麻风病(leprosy)被称为Hansen’s disease; 肺结核(tuberculosis )成了T.B; 狐臭(body odor)被称为B.O;变秘(constipation)被称为紊乱(irregularity);唑疮(acne)被称为问题皮肤(problem skin)。

而其它的性病(veneral disease)人们用V.D.来代替。

如果一个人疯了,就称他脑子有问题(soft in head), 或是不在状态(not all there)。

3.与贫穷失业有关的委婉语疾病让人郁闷,然而没有钱,在西方社会尤其令人无法忍受,甚至在发达国家,贫穷和失业也是无法避免的社会问题。

如果老板把袋子交还给某员工(give the sack to his employee),就意味着很委婉地将其解雇了。

sack是工人出门上班时手里提的袋子,因此,give the sack就意味着让他走人。

有些老板借口员工太多而裁员,如果他在某个员工面前提及人员过剩(staff redundant), 该员工即面临着失业。

对失业者而言,无论何种理由被解雇,总不是件令人骄傲的事,人们便委婉地称为待岗(lay off);发站票(give the walking ticket);闲置(involuntarily leisured)或领粉色支票(pink slip)等。

失去工作的母亲被称为福利母亲(welfare-mother),因为她们靠社会福利生活。

如果一个人很穷,他便是社会经济低层分子(a member of the lower-social-economical bracket)。

身无分文被称为拮据(hard up);债务缠身是处于困境(in difficulties)或身负尴尬义务(in embarrassing obligation )。

在委婉语中,贫民窟变成了次标准住房(sub-standard housing);给失业者的赈济支票叫失业福利(unemployment benefits)等。

在这个无情的社会里中,对贫穷的人来说,委婉语到还真给了他们些许安慰,对政府而言,这些粉饰性的字眼掩盖了事实真相也掩盖了其对这一社会问题的疏忽与无能。

4.与年龄、长相有关的委婉语在英美国家,年龄是一个非常敏感的话题,尤其对老年人和妇女而言。

在美国,人们认为old(老)是useless(不中用)的代名词,因为人老了,他们的职业生涯结束了,失去了经济来源。

但事实上却是,在美国,整个人口在老龄化,老年福利很有限,导致很多老年人生活在孤独、无助和贫困中。

因此,他们害怕老,更害怕听见别人说他们老,于是,由此生出很多好听的委婉语:老年人被称为高级市民(senior citizens)、年长者(the elderly)、the mature (成熟),用来指代老。

其它一些间接的委婉表达法如不再很年轻(no longer very young)也比old 让人能接受。

甚至一些美国人,尤其是妇女对中年(mid-aged)这样的字眼也很反感,于是,诸如处在某个年龄阶段of a certain age的表达也就应运而生。

他们希望这些婉转的表达可以减轻老年对人们的负面影响,然而这些字眼事实上并不能掩盖感到老去的悲哀感觉。

人们注重自己的身才和长相,但这方面并非人人都十全十美。

对长相欠佳或生理有缺陷者,人们往往十分敏感,多不愿直说某人的缺陷,免得令人难堪。

美国人忌肥胖身材,但皮包骨也令人烦恼。

所以说到瘦人,人们忌用骨瘦嶙峋或皮包骨头(skinny),而说身材苗条(slim or slender)。

说到生理有缺陷者,人们忌说瘸(crippled)、瞎(blind)、聋(deaf)、哑(dumb),而是统称他们为残疾人(the handicapped or disabled)。

说到相貌,人们忌用丑陋、难看(ugly),而说长相一般(plain-looking or ordinary looking)。

5.与职业有关的委婉语在英美国家,社会分工高低贵贱十分悬殊,有些从事地位低下,挣钱不多职业的人怕被人看不起,也忌讳别人直接提到他们的职业。

当他们要提到自己的职业时,也会用一些委婉动听的名称来取代。

重整鞋者(shoe rebuilder)指补鞋匠(shoe maker),器皿保全工(utensil maintenance)指洗盘子的人(dish washer),清洁工程师(sanitation engineer) 指清扫垃圾的人(garbageman),肉类技术专家(meat technologist)指屠夫(butcher),美容师(cosmetologist) 指理发师(hair-dresser),殡仪负责人(funeral director) 指承办丧事的人(undertaker) ,而妓女(prostitute)的委婉语是pavement princess(马路天使)等等。

其他——1)Being in Love (恋爱)assignation (本义)指定to be gone on (本义)一去不返to be shock up (本义)被震撼的to be taken (本义)被吸引住H2 (本义)hot and heavyto have a crush on (本义)捣碎meeting (本义)会面to set one's cap for (本义)指向某人to set one's sights at (本义)目光落在身上to take a fancy to (本义)喜欢上to walk out 出去溜达to cut one's eye at (本义)瞥一眼the glad eye (本义)高兴的眼光to look sweet on (本义)to make eyes at (本义)对某人使眼色wandering eye (本义)游荡的眼光2) Pregnancy (怀孕)a hole out in one(本义)一击入洞(高尔夫术语)an accident(本义)事故anticipating(本义)期待的awkward(本义)行动不便to be caught(本义)被捉住to be gone(本义)已过去了to beget(本义)产生break one's ankle(本义)脚骨折了clucky(本义)抱窝的eating for two(本义)吃双份饭expecting(本义)期待的an expectant mother(本义)期待的母亲to fall(本义)倒下了far gone(本义)去日苦多fragrant(本义)香喷喷的full of heir(本义)怀有继承人to have a hump in the front(本义)前身有块隆肉to have one watermelon on the vine(本义)藤上有瓜了to have one on the way (本义)有人要来in a bad shape(本义)身体不佳in a certain condition(本义)身处某种状态in a delicate condition(本义)身体虚弱in a (the) family way(本义)家常打扮in a familiar way(本义)熟悉地in a particular condition(本义)处于特殊状态in an interesting condition(situation, state)(本义)处于有趣状态in trouble(本义)惹上麻烦infanticipating(本义)期望得子irregularity(本义)不规则现象knitting(本义)绒衣to knock up(本义)敲门叫人lady-in-waiting(本义)有所期待的女子to learn all about diaper folding(本义)学叠尿布a mother-to-be(本义)未来的母亲on the nest(本义)在抱窝P.G.(Pregnant)怀孕的preparing the bassinet(本义)准备摇篮rattle shopping(本义)采购玩具rehearing lullabies(本义)练唱催眠曲to spoil a woman's shape(本义)坏了女子体型to sprain an ankle(本义)扭伤脚踝to swallow a watermelon seed(本义)吞了棵西瓜子that way(本义)那样waiting for the patter of little feet(本义)等呆小脚牙声to wear the apron high(本义)围裙系高a waiting woman(本义)等呆中的妇女with a baby window(本义)有个凸窗肚with child(本义)怀孩子了3)Defcation (如厕)to be caught short (本义)给了个冷不妨the call of nature (本义)自然的需要Can I add some powder? (本义)我可以茶点粉吗?to cash(write) a check (本义)兑(开)张支票to do a job for oneself (本义)做点私事do one's business (本义)干自己的活to do one's duty (本义)尽职to ease oneself (本义)自我轻松一下to eliminate (本义)逐出evacuation (本义)排空to excrete (本义)排泄to find a haven of rest (本义)寻找安息所to fix one's face (本义)化装to freshen up (本义)梳洗打扮to get some fresh air (本义)去呼吸一点新鲜空气to give oneself ease (本义)使自己舒服一下to go (本义)to go into retreat (本义)去僻静to go somewhere (本义)出去一下to go to Egypt (本义)到埃及去to go to one's private office (本义)到私人办公室去to go to bathroom (本义)到洗澡间May I adjourn? (本义)我可以变换一下地方吗?May I please be excused? (本义)失陪了natural necessity (本义)自然的需要nature stop (本义)自然需要停车to pluck a rose (本义)摘朵玫瑰powder one's nose (本义)搽点粉to relieve oneself (本义)轻松一下to wash one's hands (本义)洗洗手4)Death(死亡)to be asleep in the Arms of God (本义)安睡在上帝的怀中to be at peace (本义)平静了to be at rest (本义)在休息to be called to God (本义)被召唤到上帝那to be called home (本义)被召回家to be home and free (本义)到家自由了to be taken to paradise (本义)被送进天堂The call of God (本义)上帝的召唤to depart (本义)离去The final departure (本义)最后离去final sleep (本义)最后一觉to go home (本义)回家to go to heaven (本义)进天堂to go to one's long home (本义)回到永久之家to go to one's own place (本义)回老家happy land (本义)乐土to have fallen asleep (本义)入睡了to have found rest (本义)得到安息to have gone to a better place(land,world,life)到一个更好得地方去了in heaven (本义)在天堂to join one's ancestors (本义)加入先人的行列join the Great majority (本义)加入大多数to leave this world (本义)离开今世to pay one's fee (本义)付费to rest (本义)休息to rest in peace (本义)安息to return to dust (本义)归之尘土to sleep (本义)长眠with God (本义)和上帝在一起with their Father (本义)与圣父在一起to fall (本义)倒下了to do one's bit (本义)尽职了to lay down one's life (本义)放下自己的生命to be no longer with us (本义)不再与我们在一起了to be out of pain (本义)摆脱痛苦to breathe one's last (本义)呼了最后一口气to cancel one's account (本义)销帐pay one's last debt (本义)付最后一笔债to fade away (本义)消失to make one's exit (本义)退场to kick off (本义)开球to be free (本义)解脱了to be gone (本义)去了to be no more (本义)不复存在to close one's eyes (本义)瞑目to come to an end (本义)结束to go beyond (本义)到远方去to expire (本义)呼气to go off (本义)离去to go one's last (本义)走到自己的终点to go one's place (本义)回老家to go to one's resting place (本义)到休息地去to go to west (本义)西去to kick the bucket (本义)踢翻水桶to lose one's life (本义)失去了生命to pass away (本义)离去to stop living (本义)停止生存to take one's rest (本义)休息to shut up the shop (本义)关门。

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