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脑囊虫病的MRI诊断及病理分析

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脑囊虫病的MRI诊断及病理分析
作者:郭会利 张敏 程敬亮 孙骏谟
【摘要】 目的 分析脑囊虫病的病理演变特点,探讨脑囊虫病的
MRI特征及诊断价值。方法 分析36例脑囊虫病的MRI表现特点,并
结合12例手术后病理材料进行比较。结果 脑实质型18例,脑室型4
例,脑膜型3例,混合型11例,主要MRI特点:(1)囊虫存活期,病
灶呈圆型,多发常见,附壁囊虫头节呈偏心型小点状影,T1WI呈略高
信号,T2WI呈中低信号;囊液T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号;在FLAIR
上脑脊液呈低信号,而囊液呈相对高信号;周围水肿不明显。(2)囊虫
退变坏死期,头节消失,囊腔扩大,周围水肿明显。(3)病灶钙化后,
T1WI及T2WI均呈低信号,周围水肿消失。(4)增强扫描表现为:囊壁
环状增强(24/36),或不增强(12/36);囊内小点状影增强(22/36),或
不增强(14/36)。(5)脑室型:常发生于第三、四脑室,其中第三脑室
1例(1/36),第四脑室3例(3/36),均引起阻塞性脑积水。(6)脑膜型:
因蛛网膜粘连,而引起脑积水(2/36)。结论 脑囊虫病在病理演变过程
中,具有特征性的MRI表现;MRI对确定脑囊虫病的数目、大小、部
位等发病特点及病理演变过程具有很高的诊断价值。
【关键词】 脑囊虫病 磁共振成像 诊断价值 病理分析
【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the pathological and
developmental characteristics of cerebral cysticercosis (CC)
and explore the MRI characteristics of CC and its diagnostic
value.Methods The MRI findings of 36 CC cases were analyzed and
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compared with the postoperative pathological materials of 12
cases.Results The thirty-six cases included 18 of
cerebral-parenchymal type,4 of cerebral-ventricular type,3 of
meningeal type,and 11 of mixed type.The CC MRI findings are
characterized mainly by:(1)frequently-encountered multiple
circular foci during the cysticercus survival:small excentric
spotty images of the mural cysticercus scolex :slightly high
signs on T1WI and middle-lower signs on T2WI;lower signs on T1WI
and high signs on T2WI of the capsular liquid;lower signs of
the cerebrospinal fluid but relatively high signs of the
capsular liquid on FLAIR;and unremarkable peripheral edema;
(2)scolex disappearance,enlarged capsular cavity and
remarkable peripheral edema during cysticercus degeneration and
necrosis;(3)lower signs on T1WI and T2WI and peripheral edema
disappearance after the focal calcification;(4)findings shown
by the enhanced scanning:strengthened (24/36) or
non-strengthened (12/36) cyst-wall circular images;
strengthened (22/36) or non-strengthened (14/36) small
intracapsular spotty images;(5)cerebral-ventricular type often
occurring in the third and fourth ventricles:one case in the
third ventricle (1/36) and three cases in the fourth ventricle
(3/36),all of which suffered from obstructive hydrocephalus;
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(6)hydrocephalus caused by arachnoid adhesion (2/36) in
meningeal type.Conclusion During the pathological development,
CC has characteristic MRI findings and MRI has a high diagnostic
value for determining the pathogenic characteristics,such as
the number,size,location,etc,and the pathological
developmental process of CC.
【Key words】 cerebral cysticercosis MRI diagnostic value
pathological analysis
脑囊虫病是猪肉绦虫的囊尾蚴寄生于人脑内所引起的疾病,占全
身囊虫病的80%,是中枢神经系统最常见的寄生虫感染性疾病。以往
CT诊断脑囊虫病的报道不少,但MRI诊断脑囊虫病的报道却很少。笔
者收集资料完整、经临床以及手术后病理证实的36例脑囊虫病的MRI
诊断及病理分析报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选择2001年1月~2002年7月分别在河南省洛
阳正骨医院(8例)、郑州大学一附院(23例)及武汉大学中南医院(5例)
行MRI检查且资料完整的脑囊虫病患者36例。男25例,女11例,年
龄12~68岁,平均38岁,其中18~45岁者30例,占83%以上。本
组患者均经临床表现、病史、囊虫补体结合试验阳性以及特征性MRI
表现而确诊,其中12例手术后经病理证实。
1.2 扫描方法 采用美国Marconi公司生产的1.5T超导型MR扫
描仪。选用头颅线圈、SE和FSE、液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)序列。平

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