Part I. Orientation of ESP
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1. What is ESP ESP is a variation of English that is
learnd/taught generally for a clearly utilitarian purpose.
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It is unfair for English learners majoring in sciences to acquire English through classic literature works which is the traditional way of learning language. ESP, as part of LSP, is more suitable for them in that it offers them opportunities to learn what they need and spare what they need not.
—— Stevenoperly be seen not as any particular language product but as an approach to language teaching which is directed by specific and apparent reasons for learning.
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1. The Topic Sentence
As a writer, you should
1. allow readers to guess what’s coming
and thus understand it more easily; 2. allow them to avoid reading the
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1. The Topic Sentence
e.g.
... An average cell contains hundred of different kinds of protein, and all of the cells of the human body contain, among them, as many as 100,000 different kinds of proteins. These proteins can perform millions of different functions, a versality which is largely responsible for th1e5
—— Swales
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4. Genre is ESP
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4. Genre is ESP
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Part II. Paragraphs Patterns
—— An illustration of genre
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1. The Topic Sentence
Readers want to 1. know right away what the topic is; 2. have some idea of how this topic will be developed.
—— Hutchison & Waters
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2. The Taxonomy of ESP
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3. The Development of ESP
Register Analysis
Discourse Analysis
Skills and Strategies
Target Situation Analysis
in 1995, last week, at 10:15, first, second, soon after the project began, ...
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2. Patterns of Organization
the choronological description;
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1. The Development of ESP
what
how
human-oriented
why
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4. Genre is ESP
A genre comprises a class of communicative events, the member of which share same set of communicative purposes. These purposes are recognized by the expert members of the parent discourse community, and thereby constitute the rational for the genre.
paragraph altogether if the subject matter holds no interest for them.
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1. The Topic Sentence
e.g.
The human body is made up of millions and billions of cells, each of which contains, among other substances, millions and billions of protein molecules. ...
2. Patterns of Organization
some of the most commonly used patterns in EST
1. choronological description;
2. cause-and-effect analysis;
3. comparison and contrast;
4. listing;
5. general-to-particular ordering of
details.
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2. Patterns of Organization
the choronological description; feature 1: time adverbs and phrases;