particular average.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ海损有两种，一种是共同海损，另一种是单独海
损。
In
a market-based system such as the U.S., hostile acquisitions are possible through proxy contests and tender offers.
3. One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meanings This is also very common in translation. For example: cousin: 堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、 表姐、表妹…… president: 总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、社 长、校长……
Since
many repeat orders from our regular customers are rushing in, prompt shipment cannot be guaranteed after the middle of this month. 由于经常来往客户的续订货单大量涌来，本 月中旬之后，我们很难保证即期交货。
I. Correspondence Between English and Chinese at Word Level
From the above illustrations we may come to realize that in most cases there is no existing pattern for sentence translation, nor are there fixed rules for word transformation. Generally speaking, the correspondence between English and Chinese at word level may be categorized as follows:
Cultural connotation of a word
Pink-collar
Gold-collar
Gray-collar
•American Plan •Continental Plan •European Plan pp. 53-58
Steel-collar
Open-collar
is becoming the most important story of this
1) 这场战争将成为这一代人的最重大的事件。 2）现在的情况完全不同了。 3）有些没让参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去 了。 4）一个年轻人来到警署报案。 5）这个老人一生的遭遇算是最惨的了。 6） 去年12月，《邮报》首先报道侦查工作已在 那些城市里进行，但官员们拒绝证实这条消息。 7） 报道中对他的渲染减少了，不久就从美国电 视上销声 匿迹了。
1. Word-for-word Correspondence This is most evidently shown in proper nouns and technical terms. For example: Marxism aspirin atypical pneumonia APEC Carbon dioxide 马克思主义 阿斯匹林 非典型肺炎 亚太经合组织 二氧化碳
Buy
American (Act) Administrator Vs. secretary Loneliness industry Suburban inhabitants
商务语篇中的词义特点
一、商务英语词汇的专业性和规范性
F.O.B. (Free on Board) 离岸价格 C.I.F. (Cost, Insurance and Freight) 到岸价格 C & F (Cost and Freight) 离岸加运费价格 B/L (Bill of Lading) 提货单
Great care
is called for in the translation of “familiar” English words into Chinese, as their meanings vary with the change in collocation or context.

文化与宗教
A
Judas kiss Hide one‟s light under a bushel Cast pearls before swine You can‟t make bricks without straw. 谋事在人，成事在天 阿弥陀佛
不同的英汉动、植物形象
4. Equivalents Interwoven with One Another In this case, a certain word may be treated differently according to various circumstances or collocations. For example: Say Speak Talk tell
真是“天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福”。
„Storms gather without warning in nature, and bad luck befalls men overnight.‟…..” (Yang) “I know „the weather and human life are both unpredictable.‟” (Hawkes)
Peter
Newmark‟s definition of culture: Culture is the way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of expression.
“Truly,
No
business too small, no problem too big. （IBM） 没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问 题。 Ask for more.（百事流行鞋） 渴望无限 Intelligence everywhere.(摩托罗拉) 智慧演绎，无处不在。 Feel the new space. (三星电子) 感受新境界
Unit 4 英汉词语对比与翻译
Diction
By “diction” we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.
二、商务英语词汇的一词多义现象
In an overheated market, the average buyer is
often better off on the sidelines.
在市场过热的情况下，普通消费者大可坐享商家
竞争的渔利。
Average is of two kinds: general average and
Culture and language
“No language can exist unless it is steeped in the context of culture, and no culture can exist which does not have at its center, the structure of natural language” (Sapir-Whorf). 没有一种语言不是植根于某种具体的文化之 中的；也没有一种文化不是以某种自然语言 的结构为其中心的。
dog 凤凰 龙：龙凤呈祥 羊：三羊开泰 雄鸡 蝙蝠 “岁寒三友” ：松、竹、梅 Culture shock

颜色词的文化差异
数字的文化差异
相应的翻译策路
Domestication:
target language culture oriented Foreignization: source language culture oriented
Unit 3 英汉文化与商务翻译
Tylor‟s
definition of culture: Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
Tension is building up. 形势紧张起来。 张力在增大。 电压在增加。 压力在增强。 ……

The
meaning of a word is its use in the language. Each word, when used in a new context, is a new word.
Claim,
if any, must be made within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination, after which no claims will be entertained. 如果发生索赔，必须于货到目的地后30天内 提出，过期不予受理。
2. One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning
This is a common case in translation. For example: wife: 妻子、爱人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳妇、 堂客、拙荆、内人…… potato: 马铃薯、洋芋、土豆、山药蛋 ……