第28卷第5期2008年5月生态学报ACT A ECOLOGI CA SI N I CA Vol .28,No .5May,2008基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(40571055)收稿日期:2007210208;修订日期:2008201215作者简介:陈爽(1968～),女,湖南湘潭人,研究员,主要从事城市生态及生态规划研究.E 2mail:schens@niglas .ac .cnFounda ti on ite m :The p r oject was financially supported by The research is financially supported by the NSFC (No .40571055)Rece i ved da te:2007210208;Accepted da te:2008201215B i ography:CHEN Shuang,Pr ofess or,mainly engaged in the urban ecol ogy and ecol ogical p lanning .E 2mail:schens@niglas .ac .cn城市生态空间演变规律及调控机制———以南京市为例陈　爽1,刘云霞1,2,彭立华1,2(1.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京　210008;2.中国科学院研究生院,北京　100039)摘要:长三角地区自20世纪90年代后期以来,大城市向外扩张及郊区城市化作用共同推动城市空间的加速扩展,在政府干预下,生产、生活性用地与生态性用地间表现出复杂的双向流动特征。

鉴于生态性用地在城市生态系统中的服务功能,以及人文因素在解释城市土地利用/土地覆盖变化中的重要意义,有必要针对人类干预下的城市生态性用地时空和质量演化过程进行系统研究。

利用1986、1996、2002年T M 影像解译的南京市土地利用数据,研究南京市城生态空间数量增减和质量变化,从经济发展阶段、宏观政策环境和城市扩展规律等方面分析变化的驱动力,揭示政府干预下生态空间的结构和功能演变规律,并提出生态空间保护对策。

结果表明:(1)研究期内生态空间面积总体保持平衡,其中绿色空间有所增长,蓝色空间有所下降;(2)生态空间的服务功能下降,景观格局上总体呈现破碎化、人工化趋势;(3)空间分布上,城市扩展前缘的主城区生态空间数量和质量下降严重,而属于城乡交错地区的都市发展区在退耕还林和农业经济结构变化等影响下生态空间数量有所上升,水面及洲滩湿地等高生态服务价值生态空间消失或蚕食,造成生态服务功能下降。

研究发现,简单的面积指数难以控制生态空间的服务功能下降,生态空间保护必须依靠政府的多方面干预和调控行为。

研究可为政府决策提供科学依据,丰富城市生态安全的空间策略研究内容。

关键词:生态空间;演变;城市扩展;土地利用;南京文章编号:100020933(2008)0522270209　中图分类号:Q149,X826　文献标识码:AD ynam i cs of urban ecolog i ca l space evoluti on and poli cy respon ses:a ca se study of Nan ji n g C ityCHE N Shuang 1,L I U Yun 2Xia 1,2,PE NG L i 2Hua 1,21N anjing institute of Geography &L i m nology,Chinese Acade m y of Sciences,N anjing 210008,China2Graduate School,Chinese A cade m y of Sciences,B eijing 100039,ChinaA cta Ecologica S in ica,2008,28(5):2270～2278.Abstract:Since the late of 1990s the urban space has increased fast in the Yangtze R iver Delta due t o both the central city ′s extension out w ard and urbanizati on in the suburban of metr opolitan areas .The rap id urban expansion has changed land use /cover,while a lot of land use policies of nature conservation have also been i m p lemented t o di m inish the ecol ogical environmental effects of changes .For these t w o opposite p rocesses the ecol ogical s pace perfor m ing high ecosystem services function has co mp licatedly varied .The variati on should be theoretically investigated with emphasis on human fact ors .Based on the land use data inter p reted fr om T M i mages of Nanjing in 1986,1996and 2002,in this paper we first analyzed the changes of area and quality of ecol ogical s paces during the rap id urbanization since the open policy,then p robed into the driving forces in aspects of econom ic development,national policies and urban expansion patterns .Further more,afterexp loring the spatial temporal evolution and the change models,we finally gave s ome policy suggestions for ecological s pace p r otection .Several points could be drawn from the investigati ons:(1)I n the period fr om 1986t o 2002the green s pace increased and the blue s pace decreased,while in general the t otal area of ecol ogical s paces maintained stable;(2)The ecological spaces ′ecosystem services value decreased and the landscape tended t o be frag mented into artificially regular patches;(3)The compositi on of ecological s paces varied in different urban zones .In the main city,as the direct fr ontier of urban expansion,the quantity and quality of ecol ogical spaces decreased quickly in 1986-2002.I n the near suburban zone as the urban 2rural interface,the water area and wetland with much high ecosystem services value were invaded or even occup ied by urban s paces and agricultural land,thus the quality of ecol ogical s paces decreased even though the total area of ecological spaces increased a bit due to series of national policies as returning arable land to forest,adjusting agricultural structure and etc .Therefore a conclusion emerged that the effect of area 2control policy was li m ited on conservati on of ecological spaces .To what extent it t ook effect relied on a series of governmental interventi on and adjust ment activities on urban gr owth and natural conservati on .The research results may p rovide scientific basis of the policies of ecol ogical s pace p r otection,and enrich the safe and healthy urban ecosystem study based on land use /cover change .Key W ords:ecol ogical s pace;evoluti on;urban expansi on;land use;Nanjing City长江三角洲地区自20世纪90年代后期以来,大城市向外扩张及郊区城市化作用共同推动城市空间的加速扩展,城市郊区大量耕地、水面和林地转变为建设用地,城市内部和乡村地区,部分耕地和建设用地转变为林地、城市绿地[1～3],城市扩展过程中的土地利用/土地覆盖变化(LUCC )客观上表现出生产、生活性用地与生态性用地间的双向流动特征。