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几种双向凝胶电泳蛋白质检测方法的比较
作者:秦慧,刘霆,柳斌,宋鑫,黄欣,杨金亮,赵霞,魏
于全
【摘要】 本研究对蛋白质染色法进行比较和分析,以求获得满足
蛋白质组研究所需的适宜的蛋白质检测法。实验采用2-D电泳分离急
性早幼粒白血病细胞株NB4的全蛋白及1-D电泳分离蛋白质分子量标
准物,从蛋白质检测的灵敏性、质谱兼容性、操作的简便性等角度,
比较了传统考马斯亮蓝染色法、胶体考马斯亮蓝染色法、改良考马斯
亮蓝染色法和银染法4种蛋白质着色法对凝胶分离蛋白质的检测影
响,探讨了影响蛋白质染色与鉴定的影响因素。结果显示,银染检测
灵敏度最高,但质谱鉴定相容性差,鉴定率近10%;改良考马斯亮蓝
染色法检测灵敏度也高,可达4 ng/spot,质谱鉴定率可接近55%。结
论: 改良考马斯亮蓝染色法的蛋白质检测灵敏度高,与质谱兼容好,
能满足蛋白质组研究需要。
【关键词】 蛋白质组
Abstract The aim of this study was to compare and analyze
protein staining in order to select the optimal staining method
for proteomic research. Proteins from acute promyelocytic
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leukemia cell line NB4 and protein molecular weight marker were
separated respectively by 2-D or 1-D electrophoresis and
detected respectively by the typical Coomassie brilliant blue,
the colloidal Coomassie brilliant blue,the modified Coomassie
brilliant blue and the silver staining protocols. The protein
detection sensitivity,compatibility with mass spectrometry (MS)
and facility of the four staining protocols were compared. The
results indicated that the silver staining exhibited the highest
sensitivity and MS showed the lowest compatibility 10% of
protein identification rate. The detection sensitivity of the
modified Coomassie brilliant blue staining was superior to that
of other two Coomassie brilliant blue stainings,close to but
lower than the silver staining,however the compatibility with
MS was better (protein identification rate about 55%). It is
concluded that the protein detection sensitivity of the modified
Coomassie brilliant blue staining is high,and its compatibility
with MS is better,this modified Coomassie brilliant blue
staining is an optimal staining method for proteomic research.
Key words proteomics;two-dimensional gel
electrophoresis;protein detection;Coomassie brilliant blue
staining;silver staining
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蛋白质组研究要求有高分辨率的蛋白质分离及准确、灵敏的
质谱鉴定技术。凝胶电泳中蛋白质的着色不仅影响蛋白质分离的分辨
率,同时也影响后续的质谱鉴定。选择适当的蛋白质染色法将有助于
提高蛋白质组学研究结果的质量。蛋白质的染色常用的有4类:有机
试剂染色、银染、荧光染色及同位素显色。其中有机试剂染色以考马
斯亮蓝染色法(Coomasie brilliant blue,CBB)为代表,在蛋白质
分析中常用,但对低丰度蛋白质的显现较差;银染灵敏度虽高,却常
与质谱不兼容;荧光染色以SYPRO试剂为主,蛋白质检测灵敏度高,
能兼容质谱,但由于需要配备特殊的检测仪器及试剂的昂贵,未被作
为常规方法使用;而同位素显色则存在安全性和操作局限性等问题
[1-4]。因此,筛选简便、节约、检测灵敏度高、质谱兼容的蛋白质
着色法是蛋白质组研究所需。由于考马斯亮蓝染色法的广泛运用,近
年来就考马斯亮蓝染色法在提高其灵敏性方面研究者们作了许多改
进,方法众多,评价不一 [5-7]。我们在作双向凝胶电泳时,将常用
的几种考马斯亮蓝染色
法及银染进行了比较,并就其染色影响因素作出分析。
材料和方法
试剂