修辞格翻译(2)
在例 2 中,greybeards 指代年纪大的人, 中,greybeards 但若译成“却不敢对一班白胡须讲真话 吗?”,就不符合汉语的表达习惯,因此 添加说明,译成“白须老头” 在例3 中,the 在例3 中,the little grey cells of the brain 指代大脑的思维,在这里直译译出,并不 妨碍理解。
1)On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think. He had been left alone for scarcely two think. minutes, and when we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleep—but forever. (Friederich Engels, Speech at the Graveside sleep— forever. of Karl Marx) Marx) 3 月14 日下午两点三刻,当代最伟大的思想家停止思想了。让他一个人留在 房间 里总共不过两分钟,我们再进去的时候,发现他在安乐椅上安详地睡着了— 里总共不过两分钟,我们再进去的时候,发现他在安乐椅上安详地睡着了— —永远 地睡着了。(石幼珊译) 2)You would no doubt wish me to make some slight allusion to this tragic domestic affliction next Sunday. (Oscar Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest) Earnest) 您一定会希望我在下星期天的弥撒上稍稍提及这一悲剧性的家庭不幸。 3) The doctor was fiercely condemned by some for what he referred to as helping people in dying. 这位医生从事他所声称的“ 安乐死” ,为此遭到一些人的猛烈抨击。
排比 (Paralleli
夸张就是通过有意夸大或缩小事物的某个方面来增强语气,起到强调 的效果。这种修辞手法具有很强的感染力,在英汉语言中都很常见。 一般情况下,可以直译,以保持原文的艺术特色,使译文具有相同的 效果。例如: 1) “At 'em, all hands - all hands!” he roared, in a voice of thunder. (Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island) Island) 他用雷鸣般的声音吼道:“抓住他们!给我上!都给我上!” 2)Yes, young men, Italy owes to you an undertaking which has merited the applause of the universe. (Guiseppe Garibaldi, To His Soldiers) Soldiers) 是的,年轻人,意大利由于有了你们,得以成就这项寰宇称颂的伟业。 (石幼珊译)
由于中英文表达习惯不同,并非所有拟人 都适合采用直译,有时候采用意译更会符 合译文语言表达习惯。 The ship sadly caught fire and the plans to make her a floating museum died in the smoldering embers. 这艘船不幸着火了,于是把它建成水上博 物馆的种种计划也在一片焖燃着的灰烬 中泡汤了。
2)You gave her good advice, and broke her heart. That was the beginning of your reformation. reformation. (Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray) Gray) 你给了她忠告,撕碎了她的心。你就是这样开始你所谓的 自我改造的。 3)You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party. (Jane Austin, Pride and party. Prejudice) Prejudice) 你带着女儿们去就行啦。要不干脆打发她们自己去,那样 没准更好些。要知道你的模样跟她们一样标致,宾利先生 兴许倒会看上你呢。
2)Have I in conquest stretch'd mine arm so far To be afeard to tell greybeards the truth? (Shakespeare, Julius Caesar) Caesar) 难道我南征北战,攻下了这许多地方, 却不敢对一班白须老头讲真话吗? (朱生豪译) 3)Only one thing will solve this case—the little grey case— cells of the brain. (Agartha Christie, Three Act Tragedy) Tragedy) 只有一样东西可以解决这个案子,那就是小小的灰色脑细 胞。
1)Yonder sky that has wept tears of compassion upon my people compassion for centuries untold, and which to us appears changeless and eternal, may change. (Chief Seattle, Reply to the U.S. Government) Government) 数不尽的世代以来,渺渺苍天曾为我族洒下多少同情之泪;这个在我 们看来像是 永恒不变的苍天,还是会变的。(石幼珊译) 2)To its residents, Vesuvius was a benefactor— not an enemy. But benefactor— without any warning, Mount Vesuvius roared to life. 对于附近居民来说,维苏威火山是恩人,而不是敌人。然而,在没有 任何预兆的情 况下,维苏威火山咆哮着苏醒了。
3)We must work to live, and they give us such mean wages that we die. (Oscar Wilde, The Young King) King) 我们不得不做工来养活自己,可是他们只给我们那么少的 工钱,我们简直活不下去。 (巴金译) 4)Nay, he said—yes you did—deny it if you can, that said— did— you would not have confessed the truth, though master had cut you to pieces. (Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling) Foundling) 他还说——你是这么说的,有本事你就抵赖好了。你还说, 他还说——你是这么说的,有本事你就抵赖好了。你还说, 就是老师把你剁成肉酱,你也绝不招出实情。(萧乾译)
反语 (Irony) Irony)
反语就是使用与本意相反的词句来表达本意,一般用于讽 刺嘲弄。为了保留原文的讽刺效果,通常采用直译的方法。 例如: 1)He stated a truth, and did it in such a pleasant way, and salved over my sore spot so gently and so healingly, that I was rather glad I had committed the crime, for the sake f the letter. (Mark Twain, Unconscious Plagiarism) Plagiarism) 他说出了一个真理,而且说得那么令人愉快,帮我顺顺当 当地下了台阶,使我甚至庆幸自己亏得犯了这剽窃罪,因 而得到了这封信。(石幼珊译)
拟人(Personification) 拟人(Personification)
拟人就是把动物和没有生命的事物当成有思想感 情的人类来描写,甚至让它们具有人的行为。这 些事物可以是无生命的实体,还可以是抽象的概 念, 如:a smiling moon(微笑的月亮),a 如:a moon(微笑的月亮),a crying city(哭泣的城市),to strangle justice city(哭泣的城市),to (扼杀正义)等。 英汉两种语言中都有这种修辞手法,在翻译的时 候一般可采取直译的方法再现原文的生动形象。
讳饰 (Euphemism) Euphemism)
讳饰就是用委婉语来取代令人不快的字句,这也是英 汉两种语言中共有的现象。如果在译入语中有字面上对应 的委婉语,如英语中的to 的委婉语,如英语中的to be no more 可与汉语中的“不 在了”、“没了”(讳饰“死”)对应,我们就应当采取 直译的办法。如果译入语中没有在字面上与原文对应的委 婉语,我们就应当采用功能上与之相等的委婉语。如英语 中的to 中的to be in a delicate condition 不可直译为“处于娇弱 的状态”,但是可以意译为“有喜”、“身怀六甲”(讳 饰 “怀孕”)等。翻译时应该尽量避免采用与原文所讳 饰的字句对应的语言进行翻译。例如原文中如使用to 饰的字句对应的语言进行翻译。例如原文中如使用to pass away(讳饰die),翻译时就不应该使用“死”一词,而 away(讳饰die),翻译时就不应该使用“死”一词,而 应该使用“去世”、“过世”等。又如,在讨论病人的情 况时,说到“他不行了”,可以用He 况时,说到“他不行了”,可以用He won’t make it 来译; 说到Seems 说到Seems he won’t survive tomorrow morning,则可以 morning,则可以 译为“看样子他过不了明天早晨”。