简答题：1.Facility Location Decision: The success of a particular logistics system is dependent upon thelocation of the relevant warehousing and production facilities.2.packaging: promoting the product and protecting it .3.Returned products: such as products recalls , product damage, lack of demand, and customerdissatisfaction.4.The main advantage of static simulation (静态模拟) is that it is simpler, less expensive tooperate , and more flexible than most optimization techniques. Unlike mathematical programming approaches, simulation does not guarantee an optimum solution.5.Lean thinking is based around the simple philosophy of eliminating waste.6.Three factors are fundamental to transportation performance:（1）cost(2)speed(3)consistency7.Lean Thinking (seven wastes); (1)The waste of over production (2)…waiting(3)…inappropriate processing (4)…unnecessary inventory (5)unnecessary motions (6) defects(7) transporting8.The 80/20 rule will often be found to hold: that is 80 percent of the profits of the businesscomes from 20 percent of the customers. Furthermore 80 percent of the total costs to service will be generated from 20 percent of the customers (but probably not the same 20 percent！)9.Influence of LCS Quality on customer Loyalty Intentions?(1)As perceived cycle time quality increases, the level of customer intended loyalty towardsthe online retailer will increase.(2)As perceived in-stock availability quality increase, the level of customer intended loyaltytoward the online retailer will increase.(3)As perceived customer responsiveness quality increases, the level of customer intendedloyalty toward the online retailer will increase.10. The assumption of EOQ ( The EOQ model):(1)all demand is satisfied;所有的需求都能被满足(2)rate of demand is continuous, constant, and known;需求率是连续的，明确的已知量(3)replenishment performance cycle time is constant and known;补货时间是连续已知的(4)there is a constant price of product that is independent of order quantity or time; 产品的价格是常量，不受订货数量和时间的影响(5)there is an infinite planning horizon; 计划周期是无限的(6)there is no interaction between multiple items of inventory; 各项库存之间没有影响(7)no inventory is in transit; 在途库存不考虑(8)no limit is placed on capital availability; 没有资金限制11. Environmental Models: noise; vibration; air pollution.12.Transportation Characteristics: non-storability; indivisibility;13. what is 3 rd-party Logistics: third-party logistics, also called logistics outsourcing, or contract logistics, continues to be one of the most misunderstood terms in logistics and supply chain management .14.Why use 3PL: to save time; Because someone else can do it better; to share responsibility; to re-engineer distribution networks.15.. Limitations(缺陷) of 3rd-Party Logistics :（1）Loss of control over the logistics function(especially for critical parts );（2）More distance from clients. Loss of human touch.（3）Discontinuity of services of 3PL provider;（4）Differences of opinion or perception of the service level of the 3 rd-Party provider.16. The cost holding inventory (1) capital cost (2)service cost (3)storage costs (4) risk costs17. The quality research measure: Ordering procedures refer to the efficiency and effectiveness of the procedures followed by the supplier .Order accuracy refers to how closely shipments match customers ’orders upon arrival .Order condition refers to the lack of damage to orders .Order quality refers to how well products work .Information quality refers to customer’s perceptions of the information provided by the supplier regarding products from which customers may choose. Personnel contact quality. Order release quantities. Order discrepancy handing. Timeliness 18. Strategy of Logistics: (1) Low cost and high quality tactics; (2)flexibility tactics; (3)good delivery performances.19.EX-works: FCA(free carrier );FOB(free on board);CFR(cost and freight);CIF(cost, insurance, and freight)名词解释：1.Inventory: refers to stocks of goods that are maintained for a variety of purposes, such as forresale to others, as well as to support manufacturing or assembling processes.2.Materials handling: refers to the short-distance movement of products within the confines of afacility.3.Order management: refers to management of the activities that take place between the time acustomer places an order and the time it is received by the customer.4.Salvage refers to “equipment that has served its useful life but still has value as a source forpats”, while scrap refers to “commodities that are deemed worthless to the user and only valuable to the extent they can be recycled.”5.Warehousing: refers to places where inventory can be stored for a particular period of time.6.Pull scheduling: a system of controlling materials whereby the user signals to the maker orprovider that more material is needed. Material is sent only in response to such a signal.7.Push scheduling: a system of controlling materials whereby makers and providers make orsend material in response to a pre-set schedule, regardless of whether the next process needs them at the time.8.Fixed costs: tend to stay the same as volume of activity changes, or at least, within a givenvolume range.9.Variable costs: change as the volume of activity changes.10.Direct costs: can be tied to specific products.11.Indirect costs: are whatever is left over after direct costs have been allocated.12.Basic service: refers to the basic level delivered to all customer, whether less profitable ormost profitable, they should received service not lower than this level.13.Value-added service: refers to the firm can be paid for the additional service by the buyer, orwe can say the cost of raising service level can be made up for by increase price or more transctions ,such service surpassing the basic level.1.物流是以满足客户需求为目的，计划、执行与控制产品、服务以及相关信息从起始点到消费终端高效率的流动过程2.全面质量管理是一种受管理系统支持的理念，这个系统通过各职能部门齐心协力来满足客户对产品各方面的需求3.集装箱码头连接海运与陆运，比传统的码头搬运集装箱更快捷，更经济，更准确，容量更大4.企业借助物流系统能够控制原料、在制品以及成品库存的运动状态和地理位置，从而使成本最低。