Kind and concentration of dyestuff Dyeing or printing procedure, degree of fixation, ring dyeing After treatment with softeners, silicones, crosslinking agents Type of fibre (tensile strength, wet abrasion) Type of textile in contact: shade, surface, kind of fibre and fabric Intensity of the contact: pressure, time, moisture and temperature.
13.3 Improved light fastness
13.7 Anti-oxidants that enhance light fastness.
13.4 Improved rocking and rubbing fastness
Parameters of influence include:
13.2 Improved wet fastness
Troubleshooting finishes that improve wet fastness
Some potential problems with finishes designed to improve wet fastness include:
Levelness when applied on packages (crosswound bobbins) Less absorbency caused by some products Low durability of the effects in use, for example after several washings,especially with formaldehyde condensation or non-fibre reactive cationic products (salt exchange processes with anionic surfactants).
13
outline
13.1 Introduction 13.2 Improved wet fastness 13.3 Improved light fastness 13.4 Improved crocking and rubbing fastness
13.1 Introduction
Chemical finishing is defined as and includes all processes after coloration that provide better properties and that enable the qualified use of the treated textiles. But dyers and printers are often responsible for finishes that improve colour fastness. Nowadays coloured textiles have to fulfil many requirements. Therefore improvement in the colour fastness is a type of chemical finishing of particular practical interest and importance.
Improved rubbing fastness can be achieved with partially hydrolysed polyvinylacetate (PVAc/PVA) or polyvinylether and the application of pigment binders, mostly based on acrylic copolymers similar to those used as hand builders. Application methods mostly use pad–dry techniques.