16.7 Finishes for protection from dust mites
dust mites
• Dust mites live and proliferate in house textiles such as bedding, mattresses,quilts and also, but to a lesser extent in carpets, upholstery and pillows. • Their main nutrients are skin scales which are produced and scraped off by the regeneration of the human skin.
Insect under test: Female tiger mosquito (OT74 series shared by Osaka Prefectual Institute of Public Health, which are bred for reproduction by Daiwa Chemical. About 7 days passed after emerging, and mating has been completed. ) Name of monitors: A(Male), B (Male)

Testing method for anti-mosquito effects
Release 30 mosquitoes in a 30×30×30cm mosquito-rearing cage (25°C±2°C、humidity 60~70%). Testing monitor keeps arm wrapped with rolled fabric in the cage for 2 minutes. Measure anti-mosquito effectiveness by counting the number of mosquitoes alighting on the arm during 2 minutes.
Anti-mosquito effects
Test specimen and specimen preparation Finishing agent:Aninsen CLC-3600 7% Ficoat SE 6% Processed fabric: Cotton broad cloth （110g/m2） ・1 dip 1 nip ・Pick up 80% ・Dry well at 80°C ・Cure 130°C×2min
• Mite-specific biocides and biostats are applied following the strategies described in Chapter 15 on antimicrobial finishes.
• They are either durably bonded to the fibre or control released.Microencapsulation is another interesting possibility for application.
antimicrobial protection
Antibacterial finish (hygiene finish)
Antimildew finish
Anti-insect finish
16.1 Introduction
Insect resist finishes are chemical treatments that protect wool and other animal fibres from attack by the larvae of certain moths and beetles. Only keratin containing fibres are damaged by these insects. Keratin-digesting pests include the clothes moth (Tineola bissiella), brown house moth (Hofmannophilia pseudoprettella), carpet beetle (Anthrenus flavipes) and fur beetle (Attagenus pellio).
Results
Specimen Initial state of processing Monitor A B A B A Unprocessed B 15 50.0 ― Number resting 1 1 5 4 18 Resting rate (%) 3.3 3.3 16.7 13.3 60.0 Repelling rate (%) 94.4 93.3 72.2 73.3 ―
10-times washed
Unprocessed: Mosquitoes swarmed and sucked blood
Processed: No mosquitoes approach
supplements
Anti-mosquito finishing
Because of global warming the distribution of mosquitoes has expanded from tropical regions to northern latitudes, and that leads to a spread in sources of viral infection from mosquitoes. Especially, the West Nile fever virus, which has infected many people around the world recently, has become a big issue.
floor coverings and wall hangings

home furnishing and upholstery fabrics, blankets,uniforms, apparel and furs
market for insect resist finishes
16.2 Mechanisms of insect resist finishes
16
outline
16.1 Introduction 16.2 Mechanisms of insect resist finishes 16.3 Chemistry of insect resist finishes 16.4 Application of insect resist finishes 16.5 Evaluation of insect resist finishes 16.6 Troubleshooting for insect resist finishes 16.7 Finishes for protection from dust mites
present a lower environmental hazard than nerve poisons, but are not as effective against some pests such as the brown house moth.
16.3 Chemistry of insect resist finishes
digestion-affecting poisons nerve poisons
interfere with the keratindigesting process of the larvae by blocking enzymes needed for digestion.
have been specifically formulated from agricultural pesticides for textile applications. usually more rapidly biodegraded than digestive poisons, but also exhibit less durability.
16.4 Application of insect resist finishe
Insect resist finishes are most commonly applied during
during dyeing during scouring to combine the finish with spinning lubricants and then to apply the combination to loose wool prior to spinning
West Nile fever
Japanese encephalitis
亚洲虎蚊
淡色库蚊
白纹伊蚊
▽Mechanism of repellent action
Action of repellent agent for blood-sucking insects including mosquitoes can be broadly divided into two types which are actions to repel insects by acting on the olfactory and tactile senses. Action of repellent on sense of smell is called transpiration repelling, and this has the effect of keeping insects away without them touching a surface processed with the repellent agent.How it works is that repellent molecules block insects’ humidity sensory holes, which makes humans inaccessible to insects by inhibiting the function of sensing moisture, while insects usually use warm and humid convection rising from the human body as a guide for contacting humans sensing an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Action of repellent stimulating sense of touch is called direct-contact repelling, and this drives insects off the processed surface before blood sucking even after touching the surface. It is believed that repellent substances work on insects’ peripheral nervous systems when contact is made, causing a collaterally-expressed confusional state and inhibition under sublethal doses before knockdown and lethal action.