非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一，同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。

它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。

但是，只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握，就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄，游刃有余。

一．非谓语动词区别简表二．不定式的用法不定式不可作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语、状语，构成不定式短语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语（表用途）、状语或补足语。

高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词＋不定式等。

作主语不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。

不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事，做是另外一回事。

)（2）不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。

eg:①It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。

)②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。

)③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。

)2.作宾语（1）常只用不定式作宾语的动词有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend ,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend 等。

eg:①He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.)②She has agreed to cometomorrow.(他已同意明天来.)(2) 不定式较长时，作宾语，也可用it代替，放在后面。

eg;I find it difficult to do the job well.(3) “特殊疑问词﹢不定式to do结构”具有名词特征，可作宾语。

eg:①She didn’t know whether to go or not.②They haven’t decided when and where to build the school.（4）不定式可作介but,except,besides(除……之外)的宾语，介词前有实义动词do的任何一种形式，后边的不定式就无to,否则必带to。

eg:①I want to do nothing but play the computer games。

②I have no choice but to wait。

3.动词不定式作表语（1）不定式作表语放在be和其他系动词后，说明主语的内容。

同样，“特殊疑问词＋不定式”具有名词特征，也可作表语。

eg:①My job is to sweep the floor.②His goal was to enter the key university of Beijing.③The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well.(2)不定式作主语时，表语也必须为不定式，结构必须保持一致。

eg:To see is to believe.(3)如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实义动词do的某种形式，那么作表语的不定式可以省去to.eg:①The first thing to do is find her.②The only thing he could do was tell the truth.4.不定式作定语不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。

eg:①I have something important to tell you.(不定式与被修饰名词构成被动关系。

)②His wish to an artist has never cometrue.( 不定式与被修饰名词构成同位关系。

)He is the right man to do the job. ( 不定式与被修饰名词构成主动关系。

)The little girl was unhappy because she had no friends toplay with. ( 不定式与被修饰名词构成主动关系。

)（注：若不定式为不及物动词，其后须加上相应的介词。

)5.不定式作状语不定式作状语主要是表示目的、条件、原因和结果，可位于句首或句末，但句首时通常用逗号隔开。

eg:①We set off early that morning to catch the first bus.（目的）②To get a good result,she worked very hard.（目的）③I feel it an honor to be invited to the party.(条件)④She was very happy to get the first prize.(原因)⑤He worked hard only to fail.(结果) (注：1.不定式常用在so as 或in order后,与它们一起作谓语，表示目的，但so as引起的不定式不可置于句首。

eg:In order to avoid mistakes,check your homework.2.不定式表目的常和only连用，往往表示出乎意料的意想不到的不愿得到的结果。

eg:He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.)3．“形容词＋enough＋不定式”和“too＋形容词或副词（不表情感）＋不定式”也可作结果状语。

eg:①He is old enough to go to school.②He is too weak to raise the stone.但“too＋表情感形容词（pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxious等）＋to do”表示肯定意义，too前面可用only,but等词修饰。

eg:①They were (only) too anxious to leave.(他们只是太急于离开了。

)②She is (only) too pleased to go home.(她非常高兴可以回家了。

)6.不定式作补语不定式作补语表示动作的完成。

宾语与作补语的不定式之间是主动关系。

（1）后接动词不定式作宾补的常见动词有：want,wish,expect,prefer,like,hate,ask,beg, request,require,beg,get,advise,persuade,i nvite,order,remind,permit,allow,send,call on,wouldlike/love,arrange for,depend on 等。

eg:①She wanted me to arrive there early.②Our headmaster call on us to work hard.（2）动词不定式可作感官动词（五看二听一感觉即：see,look at,watch,observe,notice，hear,listen to，feel）和使让动词（let,make,have等）后面的宾补时，不定式符号to要省略，但如果句子变被动结构，必须带to.表示动作的完成。

eg:①He made them climb the hill.②They were made to climb the hill.(3)动词不定式可作形容词的补足语动词不定式可作形容词的补足语，句型为：(一)主语＋系动词＋表语（adj为convenient/easy/expensive/difficult/hard /impossible/pleasent等）＋to do.(注：to do 常用主动表被动，其中do为vt,主语为to do 的宾语。

)（二）主语＋find/think/consider/believe等＋宾语＋adj＋to do.(注：其中to do常用主动表被动，其中do为vt,主语为to do的宾语。

) ｅｇ：①He is easy to fool．②Ｔｈｅｗｏｍａｎｉｓｈａｒｄｔｏｗｏｒｋｗｉｔｈ．③Ｈｅｆｉｎｄｔｈｅｊｏｂｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｔｏｄｏ．（４）“特殊疑问词＋不定式to do”具有名词特征，可作宾补。

(谓语动词多为show,know,teach,tell等。

)eg:I’ll tell you how to get there7不定式作评注性状语或插入语不定式可以作评注性状语或插入语,放在句子前面、中间或末尾。

常见的有to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,to begin with，to start with,to be short等。

eg:To begin with,I thinkyou are wrong. 三．动名词用法动名词具有动词和名词的特点，有一般式和完成式，有主动式和被动式，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语.否定形式在其前面加not.（1）动名词作主语动名词作主语表示抽象动作，指一件已知的事或经验。

eg:①Driving a car on the crowded road is boring.②Reading is my hobby.（2）常只用动名词作宾语的动词有：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider（考虑）dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine ,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,sugge st等。

eg:①I can’t imagine marrying her.②She managed to escape being punished.以下动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语：give up,belong to,look forward to,keepon,insist on,be busy,get down to,be devoted to,havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful time (in)等。

eg:①I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.②He gave up smoking three years.(3)动名词可作表语动名词可作表语，一般为主语的内容.表示一般性或习惯性的动作。