1. 民工潮新年春节刚过，农村的破旧小车站就挤满了成千上万的农民。
他们只有一个目的，到城市去。
八十年代处，农村的改革，使得千千万万的农民从土地上解放了出来，纷纷跑到城市找工作。
自那以后，这种大规模的民工潮一直使城市感到头痛。
这不仅是因为对城市设施造成了极大的压力，而且他们担心会引发许多社会矛盾。
所以外来民工往往补被看成二等公民，不能成为城市居民，孩子不能在城市读书。
但是另一方面，城市和经济开发区的发展急切需要大批劳力到工厂和建设工地。
而且政府也感到如果不让农民出来。
而农民的不满加剧，会导致社会动乱。
参考译文（53）1,2) Only a few days after the Lunar New Year in dilapidated little railway stations throughout the countryside millions of peasants are gathering with a single purpose to get to the cities.3,4) Even since the early 1980s when the agricultural reform freed millions of farmers to seek city jobs the mass not just because of the pressure it puts on infrastructure.5) Many fear that migration on such a giant scale will lead to social strain,6) As a result they have treated the migrants as second-class citizens.6) For instance workers form the ruralheartland are denied the right to settle down as permanent residents and to send their children to city schools.7) But on the other hand in booming cities and special economic zones factories and construction sites need all the labor they can get.8,9) And the government believe that if the rural masses did not get a share of and poor countryside would further widen leading to a building-up resentment that might fuel social unrest.2. 豫园原是明代四川布政史潘允端的私人花园。
始建于一五五九年，至一五七七年落成。
距今已有四百余年历史。
园地面积为二万多平方米。
全国共分三十余景，均有回廊曲径可通；亭台楼阁，假山池塘的布局，独具匠心，有“以小见大”的特色。
园内屋宇还缀有精致的砖刻木雕，具有明清两代南方建筑艺术的风格。
园内一景，点春堂是一八五三年上海“小刀会”起义军的城北指挥所。
豫园自十六世纪后，曾几度变迁，屡遭摧残。
至解放前夕，园内景物荒芜殆尽。
解放后重新进行了修缮，至一九六一年开放，成为上海人民参观浏览的场所。
参考译文（92）1) Yuyuan was originally the private garden of Pan Yunduan the governor of Sichuan Province during the Ming Dynasty.2,3) The garden whose construction began in 1559 and wascompleted in 1577 boasts a long history of more than four centuries.4,5) It covers an area of over 20000 square meters and is divided in some thirty different scenes connected by twisting corridors and passages.6) The layout of the pavilions terraces towers rockeries and ponds shows much originality in affording a wide view in a small confined space.7) Buildings in the garden ornamented with fine brick designs and wood carvings are characteristic of the Southern architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.8) One scene is the Hall for Summoning Spring used by the uprising army of the “Small Sword Society” in 1853 as their headquarters in the northern part of the old city.9) Since the 16th century the garden has undergone many changes and suffered repeated devastation.10) On the eve of the liberation of old China the garden was reduced to a desolate waste.11) When new China was founded it was restored and opened to the public in 1961.11) Since then it remains a place of popular resort in Shanghai.3. 尽管一对夫妻一个孩子的政策还是强制性的，而且怀胎指标分配的做法在许多地方导致关系紧张。
但有迹象表明，人们的态度正在发生变化。
越来越多的夫妻生一个孩子已是自然的选择，而不是被迫的。
一些专家预计，中国人口到二十一世纪达到高峰后就会下来。
参考译文（95）1) Coercion still underlies the one-child policy and the rationing of the right to become pregnant remains a source of tension in many parts in China.2) But there are indications of a change in attitudes with more and more couples falling in line with the nation’s one-child policy as a matter of choice rather than compulsion.3) Some experts predict that China’s population will decline after peaking in the 21st century.4. 长江是世界上第四大河。
在那里现正在进行世界上最大的大坝——三峡大坝的建设。
按照三峡大坝设计者的观点，大坝可以把洪水挡在新的在水库里，从而防止洪水对华中和华东地区的侵犯。
大坝还可以为三分之一的中国人提供占全国总发电量九分之一的电能，这样，每年可节约五千万吨煤。
但是大坝形成的新湖将把沿江的确13座城市，140个县城，和无数的村庄淹没。
大约一千二百万人口将不得不往高处搬家。
那里土地肯定没有原来的肥沃。
反对三峡工程的人还认为，湖水升高还会威胁到野生动植物的生存。
由陡峭峡谷而闻名的三峡奇观将永远推动了。
而且，万一地震，将会造成悲剧的后果。
参考译文（98）1,2) The Three Gorges Dam is now under construction on the Yangtze the fourth largest river on the planet. 3) According tothe project’s designers the world’s largest dam will help prevent flooding in central and eastern China by holding back flood water in a new reservoir. 4) The dam could also provide one third of China’s 1.2 billion people with as many as one-ninth of needed electric power saving 50 million tons of coal each year.4) But the new lake the dam creates will completely submerge 13 riverside cities 140 large towns and numerous small villages. 6, 7) Some 12 million people will have to relocate to less fertile areas on higher ground. 8, 9) Opponents to the project also contend that the rising water will threaten wildlife and permanently alter the spectacular three Gorges the steep-wall canyons for which the Gorges are named. 10) Worse yet an earthquake could stride Three Gorges with tragic consequences.5. 北京大学的前身是燕京大学。