①I told him how Heathcliff had trapped US，and that Cathy was probably married to Linton by now．我 judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断
告诉他希斯克利夫是如何骗我们入了圈套，还有凯茜很可能已嫁给了林顿。
lie in ruins 成为废墟 the ruins of Yuanmingyuan 圆明园遗迹 bring sb.to ruin 使某人破产 ruin one’s hopes 使某人希望破灭 ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ruin one’s health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉 辨析活用 damage/destroy/ruin/spoil 这三个词都有“损坏，破坏”之意，具体区别如下： (1)ruin 指彻底摧毁一件事物，特别是摧毁美好、珍贵的事物，并使其无法修复，其主语多为天灾人 祸等无形的力量。有时可用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏了”。 He has ruined his health through drinking. 他饮酒过度，把身体搞坏了。 (2)damage 指“损坏”，表示不彻底的破坏，一般是部分性的，只是使其不能发挥正常作用，意味损
(2)celebrate 表示”庆祝，庆贺”，常指庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或时刻，可直接跟表示节日、胜利、
成功等的名词或代词作宾语。如：
①we celebrated the New Year with a big party．我们举行了一场盛大的晚会来庆祝新年。
②He held a dance party to celebrate his daughter’S birthday．他举行了一个舞会以庆祝他女儿的生日。
By clever questioning they trapped him into making a confession．他们用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。
特别提示
It’S cruel to trap birds．诱捕乌是很残忍的。
judging from/by…．置于句首作状语，v-ing 形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似的用法还
don’t judge a book by its cover 勿以貌取人；勿只凭外表判断
②The thieves were caught in a police trap．窃贼落人警方设的陷阱而被捕。
①I can’t judge whether he is right or wrong.我不能断定他是对还是错。
Unit 4 Earthquakes
【重点词汇】 1 ruin n．毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；(不可数名词)废墟；遗迹(常用复数 vt．&vi．(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产 ①The castle has fallen into rain．那城堡已破败不堪。 ②An earthquake left the whole town in ruins．那次地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。‘ ③It poured with rain and my dress got/was mined．大雨倾盆，我的连衣裙已淋得不成样子了。 归纳拓展 fall into ruin 崩塌 come/go to ruin 毁灭，崩溃
5 judge n．法官，审判员；鉴赏家 vt．审理；鉴定；判断；认为 vt 判断；评价
有： generally speaking 一般来说 frankly speaking 坦白地说 considering 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 6 congratulationn．祝贺，庆贺；贺词(复数) ①I show the congratulation to Mrs Jones because her son won in the high jump match．我向琼斯夫人表 示祝贺，因为她的儿子在跳高比赛中获胜了。 ②Congratulations on winning the football game．祝贺赢得这场足球赛。 归纳拓展 congratulations(to sb)on/upon(doing)sth 祝贺(某人)在某方面取得成就 offer/send sb’S congratulations to sb 向某人致以祝贺 congratulate yt．恭喜，向……表示祝贺
year.(回归课本 P30)
(2)当表示具体的令人震惊的人或事的时候，shock 是可数名词，这一点常和冠词一起考查。如：
归纳拓展
The news of his mother’s death was a terrible shock to him．
judgement n．审判，判决；判断力；意见，看法，评价
give/ show honour to sb.
尊敬，敬重-----
have the honour to do sth./ of doing sth .荣幸地做某事 in honour of sb./ sth.= in one’s honour 为了纪念------； 为向----表示敬意；祝贺----；
③As far as I can judge，it is he rather than you is to blame.据我判断，是他而不是你该受责备。
lay/set a trap(for)安装捕捉机；设陷阱，设圈套 (2)trap sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
④In my judgement，it is necessary to pay him a visit.在我看来，有必要去拜访一下他。
坏后价值或效率降低，宾语一般是物。 I damaged my shoes in football practice today.今天练习踢足球时我把鞋弄坏了。 (3)destroy 指十分彻底的“破坏”，常含有不能或很难修复的意思，也可以用作比喻意义，指希望、 梦想等的破灭；主语可以是人，也可以是物；后接人或物都可以。 The building was completely destroyed by fire. 那栋房子被火烧得一干二净。 On hearing the news，all my hopes were destroyed. 一听到这个消息，我所有的希望都破灭了。 (4)spoil 有“损坏，搞糟”之意，指不仅造成价值、精力、兴致等方面的影响，还意味着可能造成某 种毁灭或彻底破坏；也可作“宠坏”解。 Quarreling completely spoiled the dinner，which broke up in discord. 争吵完全破坏了宴会的气氛，结果宴会不欢而散。 I do hate to spoil your fun，but I’ve got something urgent to tell you. 我真不愿扫了你的兴，但我有紧急的事必须告诉你。 2 shock vt．&vi．(使)震动，震惊；(使)受电击 n．打击；震惊；震动[C]令人震惊的人或事 People were shocked.(回归课本 P26) ①1 was shocked to see him alone．我很吃惊地发现他独自一人。 ②I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground．飞机着陆时我感觉到震了一下。 ③If you touch this live wire，you’11 get a shock．如果触摸这条带电的电线，你就会遭到电击。 归纳拓展 shocked 口办震惊的，震撼的 shocking adj．令人震惊的 with/from shock 由于震惊 a shocking accident 令人吃惊的事故 be shocked at 对……感到吃惊 be shocked to do 深感意外地去做 特别提示 (1)shocked/surprised/amazed 等的主语多为人，而 shocking/surprising/amazing 等的主语多为物。这两 种形式的形容词辨析常在高考题中出现。如：
I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech.
他在讲话中提到了我，真是荣幸。
归纳拓展
honour [U]尊敬，敬意，荣誉[C]引以为荣的人或事物（与 to 搭配）
do sb. an/ the honour(of doing sth.) （通过做某事）使某人增光，给某人带来荣誉
7 honour
vt.尊敬；给以荣誉（鼓励、头衔、称号）
（1）honour sb.(with sth.) 给予某人荣誉，使某人感到荣幸 The president honoured us with a visit? 总统光临，十分荣幸
（2） be/feel honoured (to do sth.) 对---感到荣幸。
2
congratulate sb on(doing)sth 就某事向某人表示祝贺
辨析活用
congratulate/celebrate
(1)congratulate 表示”祝贺”，后接表示人的名词或代词，用于 congratulate sb on(doing)sth 结构。如：
I congratulate you on the birth of your daughter．我祝贺你喜得千金。
4 教材原句 P26：Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.他们中有 2/3 在地震中 伤亡
injured adj.受伤的，受委屈的 the injured 伤员 an injured look/expression 委屈的样子/表情 injured pride/feelings 受到伤害的自尊/情感
1
①They were shocked by her rudeness．他们对她的无礼感到震惊。