Chapter 4： Inflammation
Department of Pathology Peking University
Health Science Center Zheng Jie
Skin blister result from burning
Serous effusion accumulated within and underneath the epidermis of skin
Chronic inflammation
Part 1 General Considerations
Definition
Inflammation is a protective response intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury as well as the necrotic cells and tissues resulting from the original insult.
The process of acute inflammation
Vascular events Cellular events Molecular events
Vascular Events
Changes in vascular caliber and flow
➢ Transient vasoconstriction of arterioles at the site of injury
➢ Vasodilation of precapillary arterioles then increases blood flow to the tissue
Increased vascular permeability
The major local manifestations of acute inflammation: (1) vascular dilation; (2) extravasation of plasma fluid and protein; (3) leukocyte emigration and accumulation in the site of injury
non-inflammation clear <1.018 < 30g/L <100/mm3 -
Local manifestat(redness) tumor (swelling) calor (heat) dolor (pain)
Systemic manifestations of inflammation
Alteration (degeneration, necrosis) Exudation (hallmark, vascular change,
leukocyte reaction, inflammatory mediators ) Proliferation (parenchymal and strmal cells)
Carbuncle（痈) Furuncle（疖）
Outlines of inflammation
General Considerations
➢ Definition; Inflammatory agents; Basic pathological changes of inflammation; Local and systemic manifestations of Inflammation
Exudation of plasma proteins
Exudate and transudate
Cause inflammation
Gross
cloudy
Gravity >1.018
Protein
>30g/L
Cell no.
>100/mm3
Coagulation +
Mucoprotein +
Components of acute and chronic inflammation
Inflammatory agents
Infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic) and microbial toxins
Physical agents (e.g., irradiation, burns) and Trauma (blunt and penetrating)
Fever Increased acute-phase proteins Leukocytosis Others: increased pulse and blood
pressure; decreased sweating; rigors; anorexia
Part 2 Acute inflammation
Chemical agents (some environmental chemicals) Ischemic and necrotic tissues Foreign particle (dirt, sutures) Allergic reactions
The basic pathological changes
Acute inflammation
➢ The process of vascular and cellular events in inflammation, Inflammatory mediators
➢ The classification and outcomes of acute inflammation
Cellular Events
1) Recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection and injury
2) Recognition of microbes and dead tissues 3) Removal of the offending agents 4) Release of leukocyte products and leukocyte-