定语从句的分类
根据和主句的关系,定语从句可分为两类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,起着修饰限制作用。
如果去掉,主句的意思就会受到影响,它和主句的关系密切,一般不可用逗号与主句隔开。
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,如果去掉,不会影响主句的意思。
它和主句之间常用逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句译成汉语时常常可单独译成一句话。
例:1)This is the best movie that I have seen.
这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
比较:Last night, I saw a good movie, which(that×) was about Lei Feng.
(= Last night, I saw a good movie。
It was about Lei Feng.)
昨天晚上,我们看了一部电影。
这部电影是关于雷锋的故事。
2)She has a brother who/that is a policeman.
她有一个当警察的哥哥。
(她可能不止有一个哥哥)
比较:She has a brother, who(that×) is a policeman.
(= She has a brother. He is a policeman.)
她有一个哥哥,(他)是当警察的。
(她只有一个哥哥)
3)My uncle, whom you’ve met before, is an engineer.(非限制性定语从句)
(= My uncle is an engineer. And you’ve met him before.)
我的叔叔是一个工程师,你以前曾经见过他。
4)Comrade Lei Feng, who served the people, gave us an excellent example.
(属于非限制性定语从句)
(=Comrade Lei Feng served the people. A he gave us an excellent example.)
雷锋同志为人民服务,给我们树立了很好的。
5)We stopped at a small village, where we passed the night.
(= We stopped at a small village. We passed the night there.)
我们在一个小村庄停下来,在那里度过了一夜。
【注】①非限制性定语从句不可用that引导,指人时who,whom,指物用which。
而且who(m), which作宾语时不可省略(见第一部分㈢例2))。
②两种定语从句的译法常常不同。
●跟踪练习请判断下列每个划线的句子是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句,并译成
汉语。
1)He lent all the books which/that had pictures in them.
2)He lent all the books, which had pictures in them.
3)This letter is from my sister, who is working in a hospital.
4)She is the nurse who looks after the children.
Keys: 1)限2)非3)非4)限
1。