visible/Tangible trade
invisible/Intangible trade General trade，总贸易 Special trade,专门贸易 Terms of Trade(TOT)贸易条件
=Px/Pm*100
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1.3 Introduction to International Trade Theories
International Trade
主要参考书
1、国际贸易 海闻 上海人民出版社 2、国际经济学 保罗 克鲁格曼 中国人民大
学 （国际贸易部分） 3、
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Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Brief History of International Trade 1.2 International Trade Fundamentals 1.3 Introduction to International Trade
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1.2 International Trade Fundamentals
Value of trade 贸易额（贸易值）Vs quantum of trade (贸易量)
Ratio of Dependence On Foreign Trade(贸易依存度)
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我国外贸依存度变化
an unfavorable balance of trade, excess of import, deficit , overimport 贸易逆差
Is huge trade surplus good or bad for a country?
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composition of trade贸易商品结构 trade by region贸易地理结构
1. Absolute Advantage and the Smith Model 2. Comparative Advantage and the Ricardian Model
Neoclassical Trade Theory
3. Factor Endowment and the Basic Heckscher-Ohlin Model 4. Extensions and Implications of the H-O Model 5. Specific Factor Model
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Mercantilism
Time period: 1500-1750 Main ideas: • Nation’s Wealth = Country’s holdings of precious
metals • Export is a gain (gain precious metals); import is a loss
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THEORETICAL ISSUES:
• Why do countries trade? Gain from trade • What are the bases for trade? Price differences Supply side (cost): Technology
年 份 1975 1980 1982 1997 2000
依存度 5.4% 15.3 8.2% 40% 43.9
%
%
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balance of trade (BT)贸易差额
Definition：BT=∑ex －∑im
a favorable balance of trade, excess of export 贸易顺差
Theories
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1.1 Brief History of Inteional”+”Trade” 2. Brief History 3.New development in international trade 4.International trade and economy growth
Modern Trade Theories
6. Imperfect Competition and Economies of Scale 7. Product Cycle 8. Demand-side Theories 9. New Development in International Economics
Factor endowment Production scale Demand side: Income Preference • What are the impacts of trade? On price, production, consumption, and welfare • What are the changes in trade pattern? Explaining the dynamic changes in trade pattern
1.Free Trade Vs. Trade Protectionism 2. Brief Introduction to Trade Theories
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TRADE THEORIES
Early Trade Theories The Classical Theory of Trade
(lose precious metals) • Trade is a “Zero-sum Game”: one country gain is a loss
of another country Policies: • Build up the power of a nation-state: strong army,
strong navy, and merchant marine • Maintain a positive trade balance: export > import Promote export and restrict import
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