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[8] 胡壮麟, 2001. 语言学教程[M]，北京：北京大学出版社。 [9] 刘润清、封宗信, 语言学理论与流派[M], 南京：南京师范大学出版 社。 [10] 石定栩，2002. 乔姆斯基的形式句法——历史进展与最新理论 [M]，北京:北京语言文化大学出版社。 G. Assessment: Attendance and presentation—30% Term paper—70%
• D. Generative grammar vs. functional grammar
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1. They are both interpretive but from different perspective 2. Generative grammar is to interpret linguistic phenomena from the language structure per se while functional grammar is to do so from the use of language in the linguistic, social and cultural contexts. 3. Their research objectives are different a. Generative grammar: What is language? (Language is its syntactic structure) How is language acquired? (LAD/The Innateness Hypothesis) b. Functional grammar: What is language? (Language is its use in specific contexts) How is language used? (Pragmatic, social, and cultural factors 该来的没来)
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I ate the apple. The apple was eaten by me. The key opened the door. I opened the door with the key. 我吃苹果。一锅饭吃饱了十六个人/你可想死我了。 （施受颠倒结 果句式）。 张三追累了李四。学生问烦了老师。 吃食堂/睡硬板床/写楷书/飞上海/自古英雄出少年/桃花依旧笑春风 (3) case theory It is good for him/*him to do that. (4) government theory
Hale Waihona Puke • • • • • • •
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E. Generative linguistics vs. cognitive linguistics 1. They are both interpretive but from different perspectives Focus of generative linguistics: language structure per se Focus of cognitive linguistics: the experience of the speaker (metaphor) 2. Chomsky considered generative linguistics as a part of cognitive linguistics (1st generation of cognitive linguistics)
• 3. Teaching experience: • Qufu Normal University (1996-1999) • Ji’nan University (1999-2004) • BISU (2007- ) • D. Aims of the course: • 1. To introduce some basic knowledge of generative syntax （句 法：组词成句的法则 ，如： 女人、不、酒、一般、喝、的） including: • a. its backgrounds • b. theoretical objectives • c. its basic views on language • d. its relations with other linguistic theories • e. theoretical constructs • f. research methodology •
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2. Focuses: a. Basic views of generative syntax such as universality and innateness b. The relations between generative syntax and other linguistic theories such as structuralist linguistics and so on. c. The five evolutionary stages in the theoretical development of generative syntax including the theoretical models and the theoretical motives for the modifications of these models. d. The seven theories in the principle system of the GB model and the relevant phenomena: (1) X’ theory (Hit the man with a stick) (2) theta theory
II. The relationships between generative linguistics and other linguistic theories •
• • • • • • • A. What does “generative” mean? 1. Sentences we spoke are infinite. 2. Linguistic means we use are finite. 3. There must be rules to generate infinite sentences with finite linguistic means in a recursive way. B. Generative linguistics (grammar), transformational-generative linguistics (grammar), generative syntax C. Generative grammar vs. traditional grammar 1. Traditional grammar is prescriptive 2. Generative grammar is interpretive
III. Theoretical background of generative linguistics
• • • A. Chomsky: the man （今年 来中国了） His first major is mathematics Began to study linguistics in 1947 under the influence of American structrualist linguist Harris Got his master’s (1951) and doctor’s (1955) degrees in Pensylvinia University. Noticed the defects of Structuralist approach and Published the book Syntactic Structures which marks the beginning of TG grammar and the Chomskyan time of linguistics (1957)
(5) binding theory (*Hei likes himi) (6) control theory (Ii promised Maryj PROi/*j to go/Ii persuaded Maryj PRO*i/j to go) (7) bounding theory (That Mary was going out with Tom bothered me./*Who [IP did CP that [IP Mary was going out with ti ] bother you]? (8) WH-movement (9) NP-movement Hei seems ti to like you. e. Theoretical essentials and operations in the Minimalist Program E. Textbooks and references: 1. Textbook: • [1] V.Cook & M. Newson, 2000. Chomsky’s Universal Grammar: • An Introduction [M]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research • Press.
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2. References: [1] Chomsky, N. 1981. Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordretch: Foris. [2] Chomsky, N. 1995. Minimalist Program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [3] Radford, 1988. Transformational Grammar: A First Course, Forgein Language Teaching and Research Press/ Cambridge University Press. [4] Radford, 1997. Syntax: A Minimalist Introduction. Forgein Language Teaching and Research Press/Cambridge University Press. [5] 徐烈炯，1988. 生成语法理论 [M]， 上海：上海外语教育出版社。 [6] 温宾利，2002. 句法学导论 [M]， 北京：外语教学与研究出版社。 [7] 宋国明, 1997. 句法理论概要[M]，北京：中国社会科学出版社。