十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习一、新课导入个体名词厂「集体名词」可数名词普通名词物质名词1.名词 抽象名词」*，不可数名词专有名词功能：表示人或事物的名称人称代词： 主格 宾格（注意it 的用法） 物主代词：形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词指示代词：this, that, these, those单数： myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, on eself反身代词：复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves2•代词疑问代词： who, whom, whose, what, which.简单不定代词：One/on es, Either/ neither, both/all, each/ everyano ther, other, the other, others, the others复合不定代词： somebody, an ybody, n obody不定代词、some one, anyone, no onesomethi ng, any thi ng, nothing everybody, every one, everyth ing功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序 定冠词不定冠词 零冠词 //功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点： at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ undern eath 表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ beh ind,表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass …表方位：…. 其他3. 数词:4. 冠词:5.介词:功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系6. 形容词：平级、比较级、最高级功能：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性、性质7. 副词：平级、比较级、最高级功能：用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作或形状的特性并歹U连词：and/ both/ or/ not only …but also, but/however/ yet/ still/ while8. 连词:从属连词：if/ uni ess, because/as/ since, although/though功能：用来连接词、短语或句子实义动词（vi./vt.）系动词助动词9.动词: 情态动词不定式（to do ）非谓语动词分词：现在分词（-ing ）和过去分词（-ed ）I 动名词（-ing ）功能：表示人或事物的动作或状态I10.感叹词: oh ah well …功能：表示说话时的感情或口气课前小测：1. 句子成分摸底测试：(1)指出下列句子划线部分是句子的什么成分？1) The stude nts got on the school bus.2) He han ded me the n ewspaper.3) I shall an swer your questi ons after class.4) What a beautiful Chin ese pain ti ng!5) They went hun ti ng together early in the morning.(2)判断下列句子是简单句并列句还是复合句？1) We ofte n study Chin ese history on Friday after noon.2) The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3) There is a chair in this room, isn ' t there?4) My brother and I go to school at half past seve n in the morning.5) He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.:新课讲解:（一）句子成分七种句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、定语、状语、补语、表语等。
句子的主要部分是主语和谓语。
表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。
其他成分如定语、状语、同位语是句子的次要成分。
1 •主语（话题/主心骨）一句话的主体。
英语句子不可或缺的成分，是全句述说的主题。
常用的作主语的词类有：名词（短语）、代词、数词、名词化的形容词，不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句。
George is a born leader. （名词）Nobody knew what had happe ned. （代词）Two of us will atte nd the conference tomorrow. （数词）The young are always willi ng to accept new thin gs. （名词化的形容词）To go the bed early and to get up early is a good habit. （不定式短语）Losing his new MP4 made Tom very sad.（动名词短语）What we can ' t get seems better than what we have. （名词性从句）It is necessary to master a foreign Ianguage.（不定式做主语）总结：正常语序情况下，主语在谓语动词之前。
2. 谓语（动作/状态）：说明主语做了什么动作，干了啥事。
位于主语之后。
谓语动词有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
Father cooks very well.He practices running every morning.复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
My sister has worked in the compa ny for five years.You may keep the book for two weeks.总结：谓语部分由动词，动词短语或系表结构构成。
3. 宾语（被K的对象一一主语发出的各种动作都落在宾语身上）及物动词动作的对象和介词所联系的对象。
英语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语、同源宾语等。
双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。
凡能做主语的词、短语或从句都可以作宾语。
（1）单宾语（宾语）可以作宾语的成分主要有名词（短语）、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、名词化的分词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等。
I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please tur n it up? （名词、代词）If you put 5 and 7 together, you 'll get 12, little Tom. （代词）We should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）Remember to tell him to come. （不定式）Please stop making no ise. （动名词）Do you un dersta nd what I mean? （名词性从句）（2）双宾语（直接宾语&间接宾语）双宾语指动词后面接指人和物的两个宾语。
指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。
其结构为：主语+及物动词（短语）+ sb. + sth.Please tell me how the accide nt came about.The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer.(3) 同源宾语少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语， 这个名词和前面的动词在词根上相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。
同源宾语前面常有修饰语。
blow a heavy blow 沉重的一击 dream a terrible dream 做了一个恶梦 live a happy life 过着幸福的生活4. 表语（在系动词之后）说明主语是什么样的。
（身份状态特征类属性质等）表语与前面的系动词一起构成谓语。
His father is an experie need teacher. （名词）She is over fifty, but she doesn ' t look it._（名词、代词）These stude nts are careful while others are careless. （形容词）The class meeti ng was over at last. （副词） Be quiet; they are at work now. （介词短语）His hobby is collect ing foreig n stamps. （动名词短语）My wish is to become a doctor in the future. （不定式短语）The n ews of her success is really excit ing. （现在分词） （已形容词化）That is where your mistakes are.（名词性从句）总结：与系动词一起构成谓语。
5. 定语(商品外包装一一起修饰作用)定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。
定语可分为前置定语和后置定语两种。
(1)前置定语可以充当前置定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词和名词所有格、动词的-ing 形式、动词的-ed 形式等。
Many people have helped with (ca nn ed) food. (过去分词) Open (your) mouth and put out (your) ton gue. (代词的所有格)She cut the cake into (two) pieces. (数词) I want to buy some (coffee) cups. (名词) Put the child in the (sleepi ng) bag.(动名词)You should adapt to the (changing) situation.( 现在分词 )(2)后置定语可以充当后置定语的有形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式(短语) 句等。
精品文档laugh a good laugh 大笑 smile a sweet smile 甜甜的微笑 die a brave death死得英勇，动词的-ing 短语，动词的-ed 短语，从All people （present at the party ） were his supporters. （形容词短语 ）I have got something （interesting ） to tell every one of you. （ 形容词 ）The buildings （around ） were badly damaged. （ 副词 ） The books （on the top shelf ） were just bought. （ 介词短语 ）Let ' s try another way （to do this ）. （不定式 ）There is a gentleman （asking to see you ）.（ 现在分词短语 ）Most of the people （invited to the party ） were famous scientists. （ 过去分词 ）He lost his new pen （that was bought last week ）.（ 定语从句 ）6. 状语（商品标签）状语是用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子的一种句子成分。