当前位置:文档之家› 初中句子成分和基本句型完整版

初中句子成分和基本句型完整版

初中句子成分和基本句型Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】句子成分和基本句型句子包含哪些成分?现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

英语的基本成分有八种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、{补语(complement)、同位语(apposite)}1.主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当.它的位置一般在句首.Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful.Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends.2.谓语说明主语做什么,以什么状态或特征存在,由简单动词或者动词短语构成.Theyareteachers.Shelookswell.Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates.3.表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面Iamateacher.Shefeelshappy.Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow.Hewentmad.Seeingisbelieving.4.宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后.Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme.IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon.Ithinkthatheisgoodboy.5.宾语补足语:在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思.它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用.它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词充当.Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen.WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome.Iheardmynamecalled.6.状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度.一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当.Hediditcarefully.Hestudiedveryhard.IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen.Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.7.定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词,代词,数词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词,从句都可以充当定语.Theblackbikeismine.What’syourname?Ihave5books.Asleepingboyissleeping.Theymadepaperflowers.TheboyintheroomisJack.8.同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分,这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。

Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)LiLei,mybrother,cametoseemetoday.(mybrother是LiLei的同位语)基本句型有哪些?英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。

掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)主+谓S(主)+Vi(不及物动词)(谓)Timeflies.1)S+V+adverbial(状语)Birdssingbeautifully.2)S+Vi+prepPhrase(介词短语)Hewentonholiday.3)S+Vi+Infinitive(不定式)Westoppedtohavearest.4)S+Vi+Participle(分词)I'llgoswimming.主+谓+宾S(主)+Vt(及物动词)(谓)+O(宾)WelikeEnglish.1)S+Vt+N/PronIlikemusic.Ilikeher.2)S+Vt+todo(不定式)Iwanttohelphim.常用于这句型的动词有:attempt,dare,decide,desire,expect,hope,intend,learn,need,offer,preten d,promise,propose,purpose,refuse,want,wish等。

3)S+Vt+doingIenjoylivinghere.常用于这句型的动词有:admit,advise,avoid,consider,defend,enjoy,excuse,finish,forbid,mind,mi ss,practise,risk,suggest,giveup,can'thelp等。

4)S+VT+Wh-Word+todoIdon'tknowwhattodo.Idon’tknowwhatIcando?常用于这句型的动词有:ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,inquire,kno w,learn,observe,remember,see,settle,tell,think,understand,wonder等。

5)S+Vt+That-从句Idon'tthink(that)heisright.常用于这句型的动词有:Admit,believe,command,confess,declare,demand,deny,doubt,expect,explai n,feel(觉得),hear(听说),hope,imagine,intend,know,mean,mind(当心),notice,propose,request,report,say,see(看出),show,suggest,suppose,think,understand,wish,wonder(觉得奇怪)。

主+系+表S(主)+V(谓)(lv)(系动词)+P(表)WeareChinese.除了be系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官的动词,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。

2)表转变变化的动词,become,get,grow,turn,go,等。

3)表延续的动词remain,keep,seem,hold,stay,rest等。

4)表瞬时的动词come,fall,set,cut,occur等5)其他动词eat,lie,prove,ring,run,shine,sit,stand,continue,hang等1)S+Lv+N/Pron(名词/代词)Heisaboy.Thisismine.2)S+Lv+Adj(形容词)Sheisbeautiful.3)S+Lv+Adv(副词)Classisover.4)S+Lv+PrepPhraseHeisingoodhealth.5)S+Lv+Participle(分词)Heisexcited.Thefilmisinteresting.主+谓+间宾+直宾S(主)+VT(谓)+Oi(间接宾)+Od(直接宾)Igiveyouhelp.1)S+Vt+N/Pron+N?2)Isenthimabook.3)IboughtMayabook.4)上述句型可以变为:S+Vt+N/Pron+To/for-phrase5)Hesentabooktome.6)Heboughtacoatforme.2)S+Vt+N/Pron+That-clause?Hetoldmethatthefilmwasgreat.常用于这句型的动词有:assure,inform,promise,remind,teach,tell,warn 等。

3)S+Vt+N/Pron+Wh-ClauseHeaskedmewhatheshoulddo.常用于这句型的动词有:Advise,ask,inform,show,teach,tell.主+谓+宾+宾补S(主)+Vt(谓)+O(宾)+C(宾补)Imakeyouclear.1)S+Vt+N/Pron+NWenamedourbabyTom.常用于这句型的动词有:appoint,call,choose,elect,entitle,find,make,name,nominate(命名)。

2)S+Vt+N/Pron+AdjHepaintedthewallwhite.常用于这句型的动词有:beat,boil,cut,drive,find,get,hold,keep,leave,like,make,paint,see,set, turn,want,wash,wipe,wish等。

3)S+Vt+N/Pron+PrepPhraseShealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.4)S+Vt+N/Pron+todoIwishyoutostay.Imadehimwork常用于这句型的动词有:a)不定式带to的词:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,choose,command,decide,encourage,expect,for ce,get,hate,invite,know,leave,like,love,order,permit,persuade,prefer, remain,request,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。

b)不定式不带to的词:feel,have,hear,know,let,listento,lookat,make,notice,see,watch等。

5)S+Vt+N/Pron+Participle(分词)Iheardmynamecalled.Ifeelsomethingmoving.常用于这句型的动词有:catch,feel,find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,leave,listento,lookat,noti ce,observe,perceive,see,set,smell,start,watch等。

相关主题