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种类 类型
主语 谓语 表语/宾 宾语 宾补
S 动词 语
0
oc
v
p
第1 S+V 种
We work
第２ Ｓ＋Ｖ＋０ He plays violin.
种
第３ Ｓ＋ｖ＋ｐ We are student
种
s
第４ S+v+IO+DO she gave me 种
a pen.
第５ S+V+O20+20O/10C/12 He made me
• I have 5 books. A sleeping boy.
• They made paper flowers.
• The boy in the room is Jack.
• I have so202m0/e10t/12hing to do.
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• It is a swimming pool.
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He is writing with a pen.
定语
• 定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，
从句都可以充当定语．
• The black bike is mine.
• What’s your name? A broken vase.
• 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 在分词和过去分词充当．
• If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
• Leave the door open.
•We found John out when we arrived.
• Make yourself at home.
他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different.
一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong.
他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们
缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry.
She looks well.
He studies hard.
He laughed at his classmates.
He can speak 2020/10/12 English.
6
表语：
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．
种
l1a3 ugh
基本句型 一： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
Ｓ │Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good.

午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love.
• I saw him enter the hall.
• The boss20k20e/1e0/p12s them working all day.
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• I heard my name called.
状语
• 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词 ，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当 ，也可由从句来充当．
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV.
She likes to go to shop this afte
rnoon.
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I think that he is good guy.
宾语补足语
• 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思 ．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．
I am a teacher.
She is happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
My job is to teach English.
Seeing is2020b/1e0/l12ieving.
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宾语
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．
高中英语语法总复习
句子成分
和
基本句型 2020/10/12
1
2020/10/12
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什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How be2a020u/10t/1i2 ful the girl is !
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、 省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基 础。
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• １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从 句充当．它的位置一般在句首．
The girl is beautiful.
They are good friends.
To see is to believe.
Reading is useful.
What he said 2020/10/12 is right.
5
.
谓语：
• 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成．
They are teachers.
He did it carefully.
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
3
句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（p redicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（att ribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。