Unit 4system系统，体系solar system 太阳系government systems 政府体系interest vt. 使…感兴趣常用：Sth. interest Sb. interested adj. 感兴趣的interesting adj. 令人感兴趣的eg: What he said interested allof us.We are interested in theinteresting story.1.根据一个普遍接受的理论，宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸把物质射向四面八方。
（背过）a widely accepted theory,the universe started with….throw matter in alldirections.世界上独一无二的东西，前面加定冠词the, 例如：the sun,the moon, the earth, the university, the world.但是名词前若有adj修饰，一般用不定冠词a/an。
例如：There is a bigmoon in the sky.Start/begin with 以…开始；tostart/begin with首先=first of allwide adj.&adv. Wide做副词表示具体的宽He lay here, withhis eyes wide open./ wideawake.widely adv. 修饰抽象的广泛的The book is widely read.Direction表示方向常和in,from搭配。
从某个方向用from,朝某方向用in.in all directions 四面八方in the opposite direction 朝相反的方向例如：The woman went to thedirection from which shecame.这个女士走向她来的方向。
to do一般做目的状语，但有时候也可做结果状语，见课本第一段最后。
Only to do结果发现常表示意料之外的结果。
例如：She went to the supermarket,only to find/only to be told thatall the salt had been sold out.2.be to do用法，自己列出。
settle定居；解决；停留，落下；使某人坐在某个位置；精神的镇静例如：We finally settled in Jinan. 定居The question is hard tosettle/solve. 解决The bird settled on the branch.停留在树枝上My father settled himself inthe sofa after work. 坐在沙发上The medicine can help tosettle your nerves. 镇静神经st VI持续维持其后的介词for经常省略。
The meeting lasted (for) three hours.4.in time①及时in time todo/ in time for②最终，迟早。
相当于sooner or later ,eventually例如：We were just in time for the flight.= We were just in time to catch the plane.Don’t worry. I am sure things will get better in time.辨析：in time/ on time/ at a time(一次，每次)/at one time(曾经，一度)/ at times=sometimes(有时候)5.atmosphere ①大气层，经常与定冠词联用theatmosphere ②气氛，氛围例如：An atmosphere of tension(紧张) filled Japan after the earthquake.The atmosphere over dinnerwas warm and friendly.6.As the earth cooled down,…..as在本句中为连词，翻译为：随着。
可以和with复合结构互换。
例如：As time goes by, we are older andolder. = With time going by,…11. unlike prep. 不像Unlike his brother, he isdiligent.不像弟弟，他很勤奋。
It is unlike him to be late. 迟到可不像他的风格。
I dislike eating fish. I like eatingmeat. 我不喜欢吃鱼，我喜欢吃肉。
What is the weather like? 天气怎么样？He is likely to come.= it is likelythat he will come. 他很可能回来。
12.be fundamental to对…至关重要，基础fundamental differences 根本的不同13.make it possible for life todevelop 为make+宾语+宾补的结构在此it形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。
宾补可以有多种成分充当，但不能加ing形式。
例如：We made him president.我们选他做总统。
We should try our best to makethe room clean.I spoke aloud to make myselfheard. 让我自己被听见。
The mother made the boy dohis work all day.被动The boywas made to do his work allday.14.multiply繁殖，增加，乘例如：Cells multiply by means of celldivision.The answer is 30 if you multiply 6 and 5.Your effort will multiply your chance of success.15. call A B 叫...A 是BThe boy called Jim is a kind boy.I lived in what you called Greece.16. for the first time第一次，为介词短语，一般做时间状语。
The first time为连词，连接句子It is /was the first time that sb. have/had done sth.例如：Today, I climbed on the Qianfo Mount for the first time.I fell in love with the car the first time I saw it.It is the first time that I have visited the city.lay eggs 下蛋lie – lied---lied 撒谎lie—lay—lain 躺，位于lay—laid—laid 放置，下蛋He laid the books on the shelf.他把书放在书架上了。
The hen lays an egg a day. 这只母鸡每天下一个蛋。
He lied to his mother. 他对母亲撒谎了。
18. exist不及物动词，不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态。
名词：existence/come into existence =come intobeing 形成，产生例如：There exist warm-heartedpeople everywhere.We can’t exist without water.No one knows when the earthcame into existence.19. remain vi&link-v 保持，维持，仍然，剩余the remaining money 剩下的蛋糕I am sorry. My work remainsunfinished.After many years, he remainssingle./ he remains a teacher.The problem remains to besolved.It remains to be see whetherwe can finish it in time.20. spread伸展；延伸；（消息，火）等蔓延，传播The news spread through theschool quickly.The mother spread a cloth onthe table.The fire spread quickly, but allthe people were able toescape.21. thus adv相当于therefore 因此The universities haveexpanded, thus allowing morestudents to get a highereducation.He forgot to turn on theradio and thus missed thenews.He knocked out Tom, thusbecoming the champion.22. in one’s turn轮到…./ byturns 轮流/ in turn ①依次，轮流②反之，从而/ in return (for)作为回报例如：Today, I am in my turn on duty to clean the room.The two brothers looked after their sick mother by turns.I gave him some money in return for his help.= He helped me. In return, I gave him some money.高考再现：A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which ________ will promote its economic development.A .in nature B.in return C.in turn D.in fact23. prevent/keep/stop …from…. 阻止。