动名词的用法. 动名词做主语的用法动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作 , 在口语中也可以表示具体的动 作。
如: Seeing is believing.Helping her is my duty.Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。
动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用 it 作形式主语。
如 :It's rather tiring walking around in a city.不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。
如It's no use crying over spilt milk. He realized that to go on like this was wrong. （. 动名词作宾语的用法escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine. insist on, keep （on ）, look forward to, mention, mind,miss （ 错过）, pay attention to, practice, put off, stick to, suggest等。
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你的健康有好处。
Her shoes wants mending.Working with you is a pleasure.和你一起工作是一种乐趣。
覆水难收。
指具体动作 ) 1( 有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。
如admit, appreciate, avoid can't stand （ 不能忍受 ）, consider ，delay, devote …to, dislike enjo y ，她的鞋该修理了。
注意: 当need, want, require, worth 后面接doing 也可以表示被动。
Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。
The floor requires washing.地板需要冲洗。
I have finished writing this book.我已经写完这本书了。
2. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“ allow,advise,forbid,permit ，名词,代词，不定式(宾语补足语)”之形式。
如:We don't allow smoking here(We don't allow anybody to smoke here(3. 动词need, require, want 意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。
如The window needs,requires,wants cleaning,to be cleaned( 4. 在begin, continue, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start 后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。
5. 动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to,can't help 后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。
forget, regret, remember 后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作; 后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。
go on doing 继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着做另一件事mean doing 意味着要做某事mean to do 想要做某事stop doing 停止做某事stop to do 停下来（别的事）开始做某事try doing 试着做某事try to do 努力做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事be used to do 被用来做某事can't help doing 禁不住做某事can't help to do 不能帮助做某事三（-ing 形式作主语和宾语的用法Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. Talking to him is talking to a wall.2. Smoking may cause cancer.3. Walking is my sole exercise.4. Talking mends no holes.5. I suggest bringing the meeting to an end.6. He admitted taking the money. 他承认钱是他拿的。
7. I couldn 't help laughing.我禁不住笑了起来。
8. Your coat needs brushing.你的大衣需要刷一下。
-ing 形式作定语, 宾语补足语和表语的用法四、-ing 形式作定语1. 单个动词的-ing 形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。
如building materials= materials for building 建筑材料drinking water= water for drinking 饮用水a walking stick= a stick for walking 手杖a reading room= a room for reading 阅览室a writing desk= a desk for writing 写字台tiring music= music that is tiring 烦人的音乐a surprising result= a result that is surprising一个惊人的结果2. -ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于个定语从句。
如:They lived in a room facing the street.= They lived in a room that faces the street.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。
The man standing there is Peter 's father.= The man who is sta nding there is Peter 's father.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
Anybody swimming in this river will be fined.= Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined.在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。
3. -ing 形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。
如His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.= His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。
The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.= The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。
五、-ing 形式作宾语补足语1. 1）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
如When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance.当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。
We found the snake eating the eggs.我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。
I found a bag lying on the ground.我发现地板上放着一个包。
The boss kept the workers working the whole night.那老板让工人整夜地工作。
2) 当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing 形式便转换为主语补足语。
如:They found the result very satisfying.= The result is found very satisfying.这个结果很令人满意。
They heard him singing in the next room.= He was heard singing in the next room.有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。
We mustn't keep them waiting.= They mustn ' t be kept waiting.千万不能让他们等。
2. 能用-ing 形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find,notice, observe,look at, listen to 等。
如:We saw a light burning in the window.I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.Can you smell anything burning?As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously.Listen to the birds singing.I d idn ' t notice him waiting.2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。
如:、-ing 形式作表语六-ing 形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。
如:Her hobby is painting.她的业余爱好是画画。
My job is looking after the children.我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。